Cardiac Reconstructions with Allograft Valves Book

Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments Contributors

Section I Original Principles

1 The Use of Homograft Valves: Historical Perspective Richard A. Hopkins

Section II Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

2 Mayo Clinic Series Robert B. Wallace and Thomas A. Orszulak

3 University of Alabama at Birmingham Series David C. McGiffin and James K. Kirklin

4 Modified Root Replacement Concept: Influence of Implant Technique on Allograft Durability William W. Angell and Aubyn Marath

Section III Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

5 Great Ormond Street Series Jaroslav Stark and Mila Stajevic-Popovic

6 Denver Series David R. Clarke and Deborah A. Bishop

7 Toronto Series William G. Williams

Section IV Cryopreserved Allograft Tissue for Cardiac Reconstruction

8 Cryopreserved Cardiac Valves: Initial Experiences and Theories Richard A. Hopkins

9 Surgery for Infections David C. McGiffin and James K. Kirklin

10 Pulmonary Valve Autotransplant Procedure: Clinical Results Compared with Other Methods for Aortic Valve Replacement Erle H. Austin, III

11 In Vivo Pulsatile Hemodynamics of Homografts Jeff Myers and Richard A. Hopkins

Section V Cell Biology of Heart Valve Leaflets

12 Leaflet Endothelium Flavian M. Lupinetti

13 Leaflet Interstitial Cells Robert H. Messier, Jr., Patrick W. Domkowski, and Richard A. Hopkins

14 Leaflet Intersitial Cell Growth and Recovery Robert H. Messier, Jr., Diane Hoffman-Kim, and Richard A. Hopkins

15 Activation of the Immune System by Cardiac Valve Allografts Franciska Hoekstra, Christiaan Knoop, Ad Bogers, and Willem Weimar

Section VI Cryobiology of Heart Valve Preservation

16 Application of Cryopreservation to Heart Valves Lloyd Wolfinbarger, Jr., Kelvin G.M. Brockbank, and Richard A. Hopkins

17 Cell Viability and Problems with Its Quantification Diane Hoffman-Kim and Richard A. Hopkins

18 Factors Affecting Cellular Viability During Preimplantation Processing Richard A. Hopkins, Diane Hoffman-Kim, Robert H. Messier, Jr., and Patrick W. Domkowski

19 Cell Origins and Fates Following Transplantation of Cryopreserved Allografts M.G. Hazekamp, D.R. Koolbergen, J. Braun, J.A. Bruin, C.J. Cornelisse, Y.A. Goffin, and H.A. Huysmans

20 Resolution of the Conflicting Theories of Prolonged Cell Viability Richard A. Hopkins

Section VII Allograft Heart Valves: Morphologic, Biochemical, and Explant Pathology Studies

21 Overview Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

22 Morphology Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

23 Biomechanics Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

24 Effects of Preimplantation Processing on Allograft Valves Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

25 Explant Pathology Studies Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

26 Implications of Explant Pathology Studies Stephen L. Hilbert, Fred Schöen, and Victor Ferrans

Section VIII Allograft Valve Banking: Harvest and Cryopreservation Techniques
27 Cryopreservation and Tissue Banking Perry L. Lange and Richard A. Hopkins

28 Donor Suitability and Heart Procurement Scott A. Brubaker

29 Techniques and Technology: Dissection, Examination, Sterilization, and Cryopreservation Mark VanAllman and Kelvin G. M. Brockbank

30 Techniques and Technology: Storage, Transportation and Distribution, Thawing and Dilution, and Quality Systems Perry L. Lange and Kelvin G. M. Brockbank

Section IX Surgical Techniques: Valve and Root Methods for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions

31 Indication and Contraindications Richard A. Hopkins

32 "Freehand" Aortic Valve Replacement with Aortic Allograft Valve Transplants Richard A. Hopkins

33 Small Aortic Root: Surgical Techniques for Annulus Enlargement Richard A. Hopkins

34 Aortoplastic Techniques for Problematic Aortic Root Geometry Richard A. Hopkins

35 Aortic Root Replacement with Aortic Allograft Conduits Richard A. Hopkins

36 Aortoventriculoplasty with Aortic Allograft Richard A. Hopkins

37 "Miniroot" Replacement Techniques Neal D. Kon and A. Robert Cordell

38 Stentless Xenograft Valves Richard A. Hopkins

Section X Surgical Techniques: Ross Operation and Variants

39 Ross Operation: Indications Richard A. Hopkins

40 Surgical Anatomy Patricia A. Penkoske, and Robert H. Anderson

41 Surgical Technique Richard A. Hopkins

42 Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography during the Ross Procedure Arthur A. Bert and Scott MacKinnon

43 Guidelines for Use of Aprotinin with Ross Procedure Arthur A. Bert

44 Ross-Konno Procedure V. Mohan Reddy, Doff B. McElhinney, and Frank L. Hanley

45 Methods for Avoiding Technical Errors in Performing the Autograft Pulmonary Valve Transplant Erle H. Austin, III

Section XI Surgical Techniques: Complex Reconstructions

46 Management of Transposition with Complex Systemic Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction: Rastelli's Operation and Aortic Root Translocation Pedro J. del Nido

47 Homograft Variant of the Nikaidoh Procedure Richard A. Hopkins

48 Application of the Principle of Creation of Double Outlet Systemic Ventricle for Hypoplastic Aortic Outflow Richard A. Hopkins and Gary Lofland

Section XII Surgical Techniques: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions

49 Indications Richard A. Hopkins

50 Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Aortic Allograft Conduits in Children and Infants Richard A. Hopkins

51 Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults Richard A. Hopkins

52 Corrected Transposition Richard A. Hopkins

53 Reconstruction of Right Ventricular Outflow with Abnormal Pulmonary Arteries Richard A. Hopkins

54 Management of Difficult Allograft Alignments: The "Divide and Reapproximate" Principle Erle H. Austin, III

55 Pulmonary Valve Allografts in Children David R. Clarke and Deborah A. Bishop

56 Truncus Arteriosus Repair Gary K. Lofland

57 Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Staged Unifocalization Techniques Richard A. Hopkins and Erle H. Austin, III

58 Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Repairs in Neonates and Young Infants Doff B. McElhinney, V. Mohan Reddy, and Frank L. Hanley

59 Reoperative Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions Richard A. Hopkins

60 Proximal and Distal Extensions Kim F. Duncan

61 Reconstructions with Nonvalved Cryopreserved Cardiovascular Tissue John L. Myers

62 Extra Cardiac Fontan Operation Ed Petrossian, V. Mohan Reddy, and Frank L. Hanley

Section XIII Future Directions

63 FDA Regulatory Policy Scott Bottenfield and Margaret Deuel

64 The Biological Valve Spectrum and a Rationale for Prosthetic Valve Choice Richard A. Hopkins, R. Eric Lilly, and James St. Louis

65 Tissue Engineered Valves: The Next Challenge Stephen L. Hilbert and Richard A. Hopkins

Appendix: Valve Diameters References Index