DeJong's The Neurologic Examination Book

Preface vii

Section A Introduction 1

1 Introduction 1

Section B History, Physical Examination, and Overview of the Neurologic Examination 5

2 Overview of the Nervous System 5

3 The Neurologic History 21

4 The General Physical Examination 35

5 General Outline of the Neurologic Examination 41

Section C Mental Status Examination and Higher Cortical Functions 47

6 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres 47

7 Functions of the Cerebral Cortex and Regional Cerebral Diagnosis 65

8 The Mental Status Examination 75

9 Disorders of Speech and Language 87

10 Agnosia, Apraxia, and Related Disorders of Higher Cortical Function 113

Section D The Cranial Nerves 123

11 An Overview of Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Anatomy 123

12 The Olfactory Nerve 137

13 The Optic Nerve 143

14 The Ocular Motor Nerves 179

15 The Trigeminal Nerve 227

16 The Facial Nerve 247

17 The Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear) Nerve 271

18 The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves 303

19 The Spinal Accessory Nerve 317

20 The Hypoglossal Nerve 327

21 Brainstem and Multiple Cranial Nerve Syndromes 335

Section E The Motor System 357

22 Overview of the Motor System 357

23 The Motor Unit Level 365

24 The Spinal Cord Level 375

25 The Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Level 389

26 The Extrapyramidal Level 399

27 Motor Strength and Power 411

28 Muscle Tone 467

29 Muscle Volume and Contour 475

30 Abnormalities of Movement 485

Section F The Sensory System 513

31 Overview of the Sensory System 513

32 The Exteroceptive Sensations 521

33 The Proprioceptive Sensations 531

34 The Interoceptive, or Visceral, Sensations 539

35 Cerebral Sensor Functions 541

36 Sensory Localization 545

Section G The Reflexes 559

37 Introduction to the Reflexes 559

38 The Deep Tendon or Muscle Stretch Reflexes 561

39 The Superficial (Cutaneous) Reflexes 579

40 Pathologic Reflexes 583

41 Postural and Righting Reflexes 599

42 Associated Movements 603

Section H Coordination and Gait 611

43 Cerebellar Function 611

44 Gait and Station 633

Section I The Autonomic and Peripheral Nervous Systems 645

45 The Autonomic Nervous System 645

46 Peripheral Neuroanatomy and Focal Neuropathies 663

Section J Orthopedic Neurology 689

47 Neck and Back Pain 689

48 Other Musculoskeletal Disorders 707

Section K Circulation and Cerebrospinal Fluid 717

49 The Blood Supply of the Brain 717

50 The Ventricular System and the Cerebrospinal Fluid 737

Section L Special Methods of Examination 745

51 The Examination in Coma 745

52 Miscellaneous Neurologic Signs 763

Section M Diagnosis and Localization of Neurologic Disease 769

53 Diagnostic Reasoning and Neurologic Differential Diagnosis 769

Index 797