Experimental Techniques in Materials and Mechanics Book

Introduction
Materials Science and Engineering Structure Properties Outline of the Book

X-Ray Diffraction
Introduction Crystal Structure Production of X-Rays Absorption of X-Rays The Bragg Equation Diffraction Angles Intensities of Diffracted Beams XRD Equipment Examination of a Typical XRD Pattern Crystal Structure Determination Indexing the XRD Pattern Differentiation between SC and BCC Lattices Comparison with Electron and Neutron Diffraction Experimental Procedure

Optical Microscopy
Introduction Principle of the Optical Microscope Components of the Microscope Microscopic Observation Information Derivable from the Microstructure Specimen Preparation for Microscopic Examination Some Typical Microstructures Precautions Experimental Procedure

Scanning Electron Microscopy
Introduction Basic Design of the SEM Electron Source Electron Beam–Specimen Interactions Specimen Preparation Applications Experimental Procedure

The Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram and Microstructures of Steels
Introduction Phase Diagrams Representation of Phase Diagrams The Phase Rule Application of the Phase Rule Derivation of Lever Rule The Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram Cooling Behavior and Microstructural Development Differentiation between Proeutectoid Ferrite and Proeutectoid Cementite Microstructural Observation Experimental Procedure

Heat Treatment of Steels
Introduction Reaction Rates Isothermal Transformation Diagrams Transformation Products Retained Austenite Isothermal Treatments Effect of Alloying Elements on the T–T–T Diagram Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams Types of Heat Treatment Temper Embrittlement Properties of Heat-Treated Steels Experimental Procedure

Hardenability of Steels
Introduction Definition of Hardenability Distribution of Hardness Severity of Quench The Grossmann Test The Jominy End-Quench Test Parameters Affecting Hardenability Jominy Tests and Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams Hardness Tester to be Used Jominy Test for Nonferrous Alloys Some Comments Experimental Procedure Results Additional Experiment

Hardness Testing
Introduction Types of Hardness Measurements Scratch Hardness Measurement Rebound Hardness Measurement The Durometer Test Indentation Hardness Measurement Brinell Hardness Testing Rockwell Hardness Testing Vickers Hardness Testing Microhardness Testing Nanoindentation Testing General Observations Correlations.
Experimental Procedure Observations Additional Experiments

Tensile Testing
Introduction Measurement of Strength Basic Definitions Deformation Behavior The Tensile Test Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test True Stress versus True Strain Curve General Observations Influence of Variables on Tensile Properties Experimental Procedure Observations Results Additional Experiment

Impact Testing
Introduction Impact-Testing Techniques Ductile–Brittle Transition Determination of Ductile–Brittle Transition Temperature Effect of Variables on Impact Energy Precautions Correlations with Other Mechanical Properties DBTT in Nonmetallic Materials Experimental Procedure Observations

Fatigue Testing
Introduction Definitions Fatigue Testing Some Typical Examples of Fatigue Failure Fatigue Failure Mechanism Factors Affecting the Fatigue Strength of Materials Fracture Mechanics Approach Correlations between Fatigue Strength and Other Mechanical Properties Precautions Experimental Procedure Additional Experiments

Creep Testing
Introduction The Creep Test The Creep Curve Effect of Stress and Temperature Creep-Rupture Test Creep Resistance Criteria Larson–Miller Parameter Creep in Ceramic Materials Creep in Polymeric Materials Experimental Procedure

Index

Exercises and Further Reading appear at the end of each chapter.