Therapeutic Communications for Health Care Book

CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Human and Technical Relations Skills Social and Therapeutic Communications Genetic Influences Cultural Influences Economic Influences Life Experience Spiritual and Moral Values Models/Mentors The Therapeutic Process What is Self-Awareness? The Value of Self-Analysis Professional Application Case Study Communication Cycle The Sender The Message The Receiver Feedback Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Two Key Points to Successful Communication Types of Nonverbal Communication Facial Expression Touch Territoriality Position Posture Gestures/Mannerisms Word of Caution Influence of Technology on Communication Electronic Mail Fax Messaging Video and Teleconference Team Communication Listening Skills Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies End Notes Resources CHAPTER 2 MULTICULTURAL THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Developing Cultural Communication Barriers to Therapeutic Multicultural Communication Lack of Knowledge Fear and Distrust Racism Bias, Prejudice, and Ethocentrism Stereotyping Health Care Rituals Language Perceptions and Expectations The Therapeutic Response Manifestations of Cultural Diversity Communication Context Caregiving Structure Time Focus Generalized Manifestations of Cultures and Religious Caucasian Western Culture African American Western Culture Black, African or Caribbean Culture Asian Culture Native American South Sea Islander Cultures Hispanic and Latino Cultures Religion-Induced Cultures Judaism Hinduism and Buddhism Muslim Ancient Greek Influence on Culture Cultural Brokering Using a Medical Interpreter/Broker The Therapeutic Response Recognizing Types of Medicine Western Medicine Holistic Medicine Oriental Medicine Folk Medicine Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies End Notes Resources CHAPTER 3 THE HELPING INTERVIEW Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Changes in Todays Health Care Climate Interview Components Control Factor Orientation Risk/Trust Warmth/Caring Genuineness Sympathy/Empathy Sincerity Identification of Problem Responding Skills Sharing Observations Acknowledging Feelings Clarifying and Validating Reflecting and Paraphrasing Levels of Need Questioning Techniques Closed Questions Open-Ended Questions Indirect Statements Roadblocks to Communication Reassuring Clich's Giving Advice/Approval Requiring Explanations Belittling/Contradicting/Criticizing Defending Changing the Subject/Shifting Moralizing/Lecturing Shaming/Threatening/Ridiculing Resolution of the Problem Case Study Resolution to Chapter 1 Opening Case Study Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies End Notes Resources CHAPTER 4 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Case Study Infants The Therapeutic Response Case Study Children The Therapeutic Response Case Study Adolescents The Therapeutic Response Case Study Adults The Therapeutic Response Case Study Elderly The Therapeutic Response Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies Resources CHAPTER 5 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO STRESSED AND ANXIOUS CLIENTS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Stressors and Stress Stress Theories Alarm Fight or Flight Exhaustion Return to Normal Stress and the Life Span How to Reduce Stress The Therapeutic Response Anxiety Mild Anxiety Moderate Anxiety Severe Anxiety Panic Anxiety Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies Resources CHAPTER 6 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO FRIGHTENED, ANGRY, AGGRESSIVE, ABUSED/ABUSIVE CLIENTS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study The Frightened Client Case Study Panic Attacks The Therapeutic Response The Angry Client Case Study The Therapeutic Response The Aggressive client The Therapeutic Response The Abusive and Abused Clients Case Study Phases of Violence Tension Phase Crisis Phase Calm Phase Types of Abuse and Violence Intimate Partner/Spousal Violence Physical Sexual Psychological/Emotional Child Abuse Elder Abuse Rape Indicators of Abuse Treatment Reporting and Documentation The Therapeutic Response Understanding Self Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies Resources CHAPTER 7 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO DEPRESSED AND/OR SUICIDAL CLIENTS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Types of Depression Minor Depression Major Depression Reactive Depression Endogenous Depression Involutional Depression (Melancholia) Unipolar Disorder Bipolar Depression (BPD) Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Postpartum Depression (PPD) Substance-Induced Mood Disorder Depression and the Life Cycle Children Adolescents Adults Elderly The Therapeutic Response Case Study Suicide Four Stages of Contemplating Suicide Danger Signs of Suicide Communicating Suicide Plans The Therapeutic Response Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies CHAPTER 8 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO CLIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders Substance Dependence Substance Abuse Addiction Commonly Abused Substances Nicotine Alcohol Marijuana Barbiturates and Tranquilizers Opiates Cocaine Amphetamines Hallucinogens Inhalants Treatment The Role of Family and Friends in Drug Dependency The Therapeutic Response Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies CHAPTER 9 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO CLIENTS WITH LIFE-ALTERING ILLNESS Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction Illness Types Acute Illness Chronic Illness Life-Altering Illness Losses Faced by Persons with a Life-Altering Illness Psychological Effect of Life-Altering Illness Medication Considerations Cultural Influence on Life-Altering Illness The Therapeutic Response Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies Resources CHAPTER 10 THE THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO CLIENTS EXPERIENCING LOSS, GRIEF, DYING, AND DEATH Chapter Objectives Opening Case Study Introduction George L. Engel Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Cultural Influences on Grief and Death Kinds of Losses Case Study Factors that Influence Grief Anticipatory Grief Dysfunctional and Unresolved Grief Losses Faced by Persons with a Life-Threatening Illness The Therapeutic Response The Right to Die Summary Exercises Review Questions Multiple Choice Questions For Further Consideration Case Studies End Notes Resources APPENDIX A Introduction Overview of Ivan Pavlov, Behaviorist Overview of B. F. Skinner, Behaviorist Overview of Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Stages of Development The Id The Ego The Superego Freuds Erogenous Zones Overview of Jean Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development Overview of Abraham Maslows Humanistic Psychology Overview of Lawrence Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development Overview of Eric Eriksons Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Resources APPENDIX B Introduction Defense Mechanisms Resources