The School Leadership Triangle: From Compliance to Innovation Book

Foreword M. René Islas ix

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

About the Author xxi

Introduction 1

1 Compliance 15

Author's Note 15

Introduction 16

Why Pass NCLB? 18

Calls for Reform Prior to NCLB 19

Sputnik—1957 19

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 20

A Nation at Risk—1983 20

1989 President's Education Summit 22

Goals 2000—1994 23

1996 National Education Summit 24

National Commission on Teaching and America's Future—1996 25

1999 National Education Summit 25

National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century—2000 27

2001 National Education Summit 28

No Child Left Behind Act—2001 30

Some Additional Reports—Post-NCLB 31

The New Workforce—2005 32

Tough Choices or Tough Times—2007 33

A Test of Leadership—2006 34

America's Perfect Storm—2007 35

Leaders and Laggards—2007 35

How the World's Best-Performing School Systems Come Out On Top—2007 36

A Broader, Bolder Approach to Education—2008 37

Summary 37

Discussion Activity Questions 39

How can teachers and government build a relationship to achieve world-class standards? Sir Michael Barber 40

2 Leadership 43

Introduction 43

History of Leadership Theories 47

Summary 55

A Transformation of Education Leadership 56

Training Programs for School Leaders 58

Preparing School Leaders for a Changing World 58

National Institute for School Leadership 59

New York City Leadership Academy 61

Case Study Activity 61

Leading Gen Y Teachers 63

The Future for Education Leaders 63

Teacher Leadership 64

Professional Learning Teams 67

Summary 68

Discussion Activity Questions 70

3 Innovation 71

Introduction 71

The Innovation Process 77

An Education Innovation Process Framework 94

Step 1 Identify and Discuss the Problem 97

Step 2 Designate an Innovation Coach to Lead the Innovation Team 98

Step 3 Organize the Innovation Team and Propose Innovative Ideas 100

Step 4 Prioritize Some of the Proposed Ideas 101

Step 5 Develop and Test the Prototypes 102

Step 6 Conduct Short-Term Formative Evaluation 102

Step 7 Revise the Innovation Plan 103

Summary 103

Some Innovations Currently Being Used in Education 104

Australia's Leadership Professional Development Initiative 104

New Hampshire's Vision for High School Redesign 105

Pacific Learning and South Pacific Press's Literacy Program 107

Advanced Academics' Online Learning 109

Washoe Online Learning for the Future 111

Florida Virtual School 111

Westminster School District's Elimination of Grade Levels 112

Nintendo Wii and DS as Instructional Tools 112

The Broad Foundation's Harvard Laboratory 113

The Offshore New Harbor Project 113

New York City's 24-Hour School 113

Western Washington University 113

American Federation of Teachers Innovation Fund 114

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 114

Summary 114

Discussion Activity Questions 115

4 Final Thoughts and Conclusions 117

Compliance 117

Leadership 123

Innovation 128

Discussion Activity Question 130

Final Words Gina Burkhardt 131

Appendix A Biographies of Contributors 133

Appendix B List of Interviewees 137

References 139

Index 143