Politics and Society in the Developing World Book

List of tables, figures and maps     xiii
List of plates     xv
List of abbreviations     xvii
Preface to the third edition     xxi
Acknowledgements     xxiii
The developing world     1
Third World or developing world?     3
What is development?     3
Which are the developing countries?     4
First World and Third World     5
South v North     5
Survival of the term Third World     13
Colonisation and post-colonial society     13
Independence and the legacy of war and militarism     17
Gender and the roles of women and men     19
Women and development     24
Research in the developing world     26
Social and other indicators     27
China: the dragon awakes?     32
Competing ideologies and interpretations of development     36
Strategies of industrialisation     44
A right to development?     48
Development in the free market     51
Transnational corporations     53
Globalisation: what is it and what effect does it have?     57
Neo-liberalism     59
Conclusion     62
Key terms     63
Questions     64
The infrastructure of the developing world     65
Physical location     65
Main geographical features     66
The Asian tsunami of 2004     69
Relief and drainage     72
Boundaries and territorial disputes     75
Refugees: the case of East Timor (Timor Leste)     80
Terrorism     81
Agricultural activity     82
Mining     86
Human settlement     88
Refugees: the case of Rwanda     91
Land reform     92
Urbanisation     95
Migrants     100
Communications     101
Small island developing states     105
The balance sheet: assets and problems     106
Key terms     108
Questions     108
The crisis of the developing world     109
Poverty and basic needs     109
Water     111
Food     113
Sanitation and health     120
Infant mortality and life expectancy     121
Medical services     125
Malaria     127
HIV/AIDS      130
Housing     131
Case study 3.3 Bird flu     132
Education     134
Population growth     135
Key terms     140
Questions     141
Social and economic contexts     143
The economic context     145
Introduction     145
How is economic policy made?     146
Africa: globalisation and marginalisation     152
Case study 4.1 Ghana     152
Cash crops     154
Latin America: the persistence of debt     155
The debt boomerang     161
The 'war on drugs'     161
Policy choices for indebted countries     163
The crisis of 1997     164
Asia: the newly industrialising countries     165
The rise of the NICs     166
The fear of insecurity: the South-east Asia crisis and after     169
Globalisation     171
Transnational links     172
Business and politics: taxation, tariffs and privatisation     174
Bretton Woods     175
The International Monetary Fund     176
The World Bank     179
The GATT and WTO     180
Bananas      184
Regional economic groupings     186
Conclusion     189
Key terms     189
Questions     192
The social context     193
Introduction     193
Gender and society     193
Women and work     194
Women and children     198
Women and political power     200
Women and the orthodoxy of development     204
Impact of development on other disadvantaged groups     206
Ethnic cleavages     207
Class and state     209
The family     218
Indigenous peoples     221
Social factors favouring development     225
Maintaining social provision in an evolving society     226
Religion, politics and society     228
The clash of cultures     230
The concept of modernity: competing cultures     233
The global network     235
Impact of transnational media     235
'McWorld?'     239
Opinion formers     240
News management and international perception of the developing world     241
High culture     242
Conclusion     246
Key terms      247
Questions     248
The international context     249
Introduction     249
Two hours that shook the world     250
George Bush and the aftermath of '9/11'     250
War in Iraq     252
The post-war situation     253
Terror and the developing world     254
The breakdown of the state     254
Intervention     256
Non-alignment     260
Developing world conflicts     264
Weapons of mass destruction in the developing world     266
The role of the United Nations     268
Regional alignments     270
The first Bush Administration and Panama     273
The rise of 'humanitarian intervention'     274
The Gulf War 1991     275
Rwanda     277
International peacemaking/peacekeeping     280
The international politics of oil     281
The oil majors as actors in South-North relations     285
Libya and the North     286
Oil in South-North relations today     288
The international politics of water     290
Conclusion     293
Key terms      294
Questions     294
Politics of the developing world     297
State-building     299
Introduction     299
Who makes the law?     302
The problem of the weak state     303
Constitutional government     303
Parliamentary systems     307
Presidential systems     308
Interest groups     310
Political parties and elections     311
Organisation of political parties     314
Rise and fall of the 'one-party state'     315
Populism and democracy     320
Causes of insurgency     321
Nationalism     322
Religion and ethnicity     323
Case study 7.1 Sri Lanka     325
Personalism     326
Corruption     331
Conclusion     333
Key Terms     334
Questions     335
Dictatorship and democratisation     337
Introduction     337
Authoritarianism     338
Coercive structures     339
Military intervention     341
Structure and roles of armed forces     344
Military developmentalism     347
Case study 8.1 Democratisation in Argentina     349
Arms procurement     351
Regional powers     352
Requirements for liberal democracy     357
Democratisation in the developing world     359
Empowerment and the growth of civil society     363
Democracy and development     366
Democracy promotion     369
Democratisation in Ghana     371
Conclusion     373
Key terms     373
Questions     374
Policy issues     377
Policy issues     379
Introduction     379
Aid     380
Trade     391
South-South trade     392
Tourism     394
Goa     397
Belize     398
Costa Rica     398
The Caribbean Islands     399
Kenya     401
The Gambia     402
Southern Africa     402
Environment     404
Key terms     420
Questions     421
Conclusion     422
Modernisation in Asia     423
The radicalisation of the Middle East     424
The decline of Africa     425
The de-industrialisation of Europe     426
The future of the poorest countries     427
References     428
Index     449