Language and Gender: A Reader Book

	Notes on Contributors
	Editor's Note
	Acknowledgements
	Transcription Conventions 1
	Transcription Conventions 2
	Introduction	1
Pt. I	Gender Differences in Pronunciation and Grammar	7
1	Yanyuwa: 'Men speak one way, women speak another'	13
2	Sex and Covert Prestige	21
3	Linguistic Variation and Social Function	29
4	Girl-talk/Boy-talk: Sex Differences in Adolescent Speech	42
5	Black Women in the Rural South: Conservative and Innovative	55
6	Gender and Sociolinguistic Variation	64
Pt. II	Gender Differences in Conversational Practice	77
7	How and Why Are Women More Polite: Some Evidence from a Mayan Community	81
8	Complimenting - A Positive Politeness Strategy	100
9	Cooperation and Competition Across Girls' Play Activities	121
10	Peasant Men Can't Get Wives: Language Change and Sex Roles in a Bilingual Community	147
Pt. III	Conversational Dominance in Mixed Talk	161
11	Women's Place in Everyday Talk: Reflections on Parent-Child Interaction	165
12	The Sounds of Silence: How Men Silence Women in Marital Relations	176
13	Talk Control: An Illustration from the Classroom of Problems in Analysing Male Dominance of Conversation	185
14	Participation in Electronic Discourse in a 'Feminist' Field	197
Pt. IV	Same-Sex Talk	211
15	The Talk of Women Friends	215
16	Gossip Revisited: Language in All-Female Groups	226
17	'Don't try and make out that I'm nice!' The Different Strategies Women and Men Use when Gossiping	254
18	Performing Gender Identity: Young Men's Talk and the Construction of Heterosexual Masculinity	270
19	Sporting Formulae in New Zealand English: Two Models of Male Solidarity	285
Pt. V	Women's Talk in the Public Domain	295
20	Female Speakers of Japanese in Transition	299
21	'I don't smile much anymore': Affect, Gender and the Discourse of Pittsburgh Police Officers	309
22	'Not just doctors' orders': Directive-Response Sequences in Patients' Visits to Women and Men Physicians	328
23	Women's Ways: Interactive Patterns in Predominantly Female Research Teams	354
Pt. VI	Theoretical Debates (1): Gender or Power?	373
24	'Women's Language' or 'Powerless Language'?	377
25	Are 'Powerless' Communication Strategies the Japanese Norm?	388
26	When the Doctor is a 'Lady': Power, Status and Gender in Physician-Patient Encounters	396
Pt. VII	Theoretical Debates (2): Difference or Dominance?	413
27	A Cultural Approach to Male-Female Miscommunication	417
28	Talk in the Intimate Relationship: His and Hers	435
29	Selling the Apolitical	446
Pt. VIII	Looking to the Future	459
30	Women's Talk: The Question of Sociolinguistic Universals	461
31	Communities of Practice: Where Language, Gender, and Power All Live	484
32	The Question of Questions: Beyond Binary Thinking	495
	Index	511