Community Interpreting Book

List of Tables     xi
List of Figures     xii
General Editors' Preface     xiii
Acknowledgements     xv
Key Concepts and Research Issues
Overview of the Field of Interpreting and Main Theoretical Concepts     3
Introduction: What is interpreting? Interpreting as process     3
The differences between Interpreting and Translation     8
A continuum of translational activities     13
The interpreting process     14
Comprehension     14
Conversion     21
Delivery     24
What is Community Interpreting?     25
Controversy over its label     27
Differences between Conference and Community Interpreting     31
Interdisciplinarity: Community Interpreting in the Medical Context     34
Introduction     34
Interpreting in medical settings     36
Communication in doctor-patient interaction     36
The significance of questioning style in achieving effective communication     37
Patients' compliance with treatment     40
Treating patients through interpreters     40
The controversy about interpreter roles in the medical setting     41
Examples of what has been described asthe 'mediator', 'visible' or 'involved' interpreter     48
The case for the trained, faithful medical interpreter     57
Health care providers and interpreters working as a professional team     61
Summary     62
Interdisciplinarity: Community Interpreting in the Legal Context     64
Introduction     64
Police interviews and interrogations     65
The right to an interpreter in a police interview     68
Interpreting in the police context     71
Discourse issues     73
Interpreting the caution     77
Lawyer-client interactions     79
Tribunal hearings     82
Refugee hearings     83
Special considerations necessary when evaluating asylum seekers' claims     86
Interpreters in the refugee hearing     87
Courtroom hearings and trials     90
The language of the courtroom     90
Interpreters in the courtroom     91
Practical Applications
Analysing the Interpreter's Code of Ethics     101
Introduction: practising interpreters' views about the code of ethics     101
The aims of a code of ethics and controversies surrounding it     103
Comparison of codes of ethics from around the world      107
Accuracy     109
Impartiality     117
Role     124
Ethical dilemmas     129
Summary     134
The Practitioners' Voices: Views, Perceptions and Expectations from Legal, Medical and Interpreting Practitioners     137
Introduction     137
Sources of challenges faced by interpreters     138
Interpreting-related issues     138
Context-related issues     144
Participant-related issues     145
System-related issues     161
Conclusion     162
Community Interpreting Training     163
Introduction     163
Lack of recognition for the need for training     164
The need for compulsory pre-service training     166
Community Interpreting courses     167
Challenges faced by course designers and educators     169
The educators' voices     169
Content and methodologies of Community Interpreting courses     177
A discourse-based approach to interpreter training     184
An integrated training framework     185
Conclusions     193
Research into Community Interpreting
Main Traditions and Approaches in Community Interpreting Research     197
Introduction     197
Summary of research studies in Community Interpreting     200
Methods used in Community Interpreting research     203
Approaches to research into Community Interpreting     204
Discourse analysis     204
Ethnographic studies     215
Survey research     219
Experimental studies     221
Conducting Research in Community Interpreting     225
Introduction     225
Steps to conducting research     225
Interest in a topic     226
Reading and reviewing the literature     227
Defining the research question or questions     228
Building hypotheses     228
Deciding on the approach and the sources of data to be collected     229
Conducting ethical research     232
Deciding on the methods of analysis to be employed     233
Writing up and disseminating the results     235
Sample research projects     236
Further Resources in Community Interpreting
Key Resources     261
Bibliographies     261
Journals     262
Useful teaching and learning resources     264
Professional development programmes and courses     265
Formal Community Interpreting courses     265
Short Community Interpreting courses     266
Specialist formal Legal Interpreting courses     267
Short specialist Legal Interpreting courses     268
Specialist formal Medical Interpreting courses     268
Short specialist Medical Interpreting courses     269
Professional associations and other related professional bodies     269
Codes of ethics     270
Email lists and bulletin boards     271
Web-based glossaries     272
Medical     272
Legal     273
General topics     273
Useful research resources     274
Other useful websites     275
Notes     276
References     280
Index     297