Space Psychology and Psychiatry Book

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Humans in space 1

1.2 Stressors and stress in space 1

1.3 Sources of information 3

1.4 Basic assumptions 6

1.5 Summary 9

2 Basic Issues Of Human Adaptation to Space Flight 15

2.1 Space as an extreme environment 15

2.2 Issues of physiological adaptation 16

2.3 Sleep and circadian rhythms 27

2.4 Psychological adaptation to long-duration space flight: general characteristics 34

2.5 Summary 39

3 Human Performance 49

3.1 Basic issues 49

3.2 Possible origins of cognitive performance decrements in space 50

3.3 Empirical findings from space: cognitive neuroscience research 55

3.4 Empirical findings from space: human performance monitoring 63

3.5 Complex cognitive and perceptual-motor skills 78

3.6 Summary 80

4 Human Interactions 89

4.1 Interpersonal issues 89

4.2 Crew heterogeneity 90

5 Psychiatric Issues 135

5.1 Behavioral health and salutogenesis 135

5.2 Empirical findings from space: positive psychological aspects of space flight 136

5.3 Psychiatric problems in space 139

5.4 Asthenia 144

5.5 Treatment considerations 150

5.6 Psychiatric research in space 153

5.7 Summary 154

6 Psychological Countermeasures 161

6.1 General aspects 161

6.2 Habitability factors 162

6.3 Work design issues 167

6.4 Selection and crew composition 169

6.5 Training 179

6.6 Crew monitoring 188

6.7 In-flight support 193

6.8 Post-flight readjustment support 197

6.9 Summary 199

7 Future Challenges 211

7.1 Space tourism 211

7.2 Going beyond the Earth's orbit 213

7.3 Future human missions to the Moon and Mars 214

7.4 Applicability of current psychological knowledge to space missions beyond the Earth'sorbit 216

7.5 Empirical findings from space: cosmonaut survey regarding a mission to Mars 219

7.6 Human missions to Mars: new psychological challenges 220

7.7 Research directions 229

7.8 Summary 231

Index 237