The Intercultural City: Planning for Diversity Advantage Book

List of Boxes     x
List of Figures     xii
Acronyms and Abbreviations     xiii
Introduction: Setting the Scene     1
Who are we?     1
Why interact?     4
Acknowledging conflict     5
Rules of engagement     7
From diversity deficit to diversity advantage     10
And thanks...     13
The Urge to Define, Sort and Categorize     15
A world of distinctions     15
Sorting and categorizing     16
Values and hierarchies     19
Simplicity and complexity     21
Breaking the unified canon     22
Diversity: The central dilemma of the age     23
The Context of Diversity     25
People on the move     25
The irrepressible urge for cross-pollination     29
Exploring the landscape of diversity     34
The cosmopolitan city     35
Diversity in organizations     39
Innovation, networks and knowledge diffusion     45
Culture shock: Absorbing difference and diversity     48
Cultural diversity and public policy     53
International approaches     54
The UKapproach     59
Managing the city of difference     62
Living Apart: Segregation     66
A history of segregation     67
The classic ghetto     69
Ghettos, enclaves and citadels     70
The assimilationist city     71
The underclass     75
International variations     76
Good and bad segregation?     77
Emerging forms of segregation     80
A place in the sun?     80
Segregation in cyberspace?     85
The ecology of micro-segregation     88
Living Together Then: A Short History of Urban Encounter     93
Intercultural cities in history     93
Persepolis     94
Rome     96
T'ang Dynasty China     97
Umayyid Cordoba     98
Constantinople     100
The Dutch Golden Age     102
Living Together Now: Modern Zones of Encounter     105
Why interact?     105
The case for social mixing     105
Contact hypothesis     107
The interaction cycle     110
Zones of encounter     114
Housing and neighbourhoods      114
Education     127
The classroom environment     131
School twinning     133
Carrot or stick?     137
The workplace     139
The market place     147
A history of intercultural trade     147
The nature of modern retailing     149
Shopping as social linking     150
Ethnicity and shopping behaviour     152
The intercultural service encounter     153
The market as meeting place     156
The language of food     158
Friends and relations     163
Intimate interactions     164
Preconditions of contact     168
Meeting places     169
The public domain     170
Publicspace     170
On the beach     174
Out of town     175
In the park     178
Third spaces     183
Public institutions     184
Museums     184
Libraries     187
Sport     192
Arts     195
Cyberspace     201
Computer mediated communication     202
Social software     206
Of urban UbiComp and MMOGs     207
Summary     213
Diversity Advantage: The Benefits of Cross-cultural Interaction     219
Hybridity as a driver of innovation     219
Hybrid innovators stateside     221
Hybrid innovators in the UK     229
Preconditions of diversity advantage     235
The City Through an Intercultural Lens     244
Cultural literacy     245
Seeing the world through an intercultural lens     250
A capacity to listen and consult     251
City-making through an intercultural lens     255
Masterplanning interculturally     258
A new skill set     259
Making intercultural spaces     260
Education through an intercultural lens     261
A New Intercultural Citizenship     268
A system in crisis     269
Open society under threat     271
Forging a local intercultural citizenship     273
Harmony through conflict     278
Bridgers and mixers: Intercultural city leadership     285
Indicators of Openness and Interculturalism     293
Apples with pears? Comparing the approaches of international cities to diversity     294
The need for new indicators      298
Indicators of openness     299
The openness of the institutional framework     299
The openness of the business environment     300
The openness of civil society     301
The openness of public space     303
Indicators of interculturalism     304
New questions and answers     304
Conclusions: The Ecology of the New Civics     317
A journey to the intercultural city     317
Five principles of an intercultural city     321
Ten steps to an intercultural city policy     324
Bibliography     328
Appendix     352
Index     357