Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases: Diseases from Work, Home, Outdoor and Other Exposures Book

Contributors

Preface

Introduction Susan M. Tarlo Tarlo, Susan M. 1

Asthma 1

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) 3

COPD 4

Bronchiolitis 5

Pneumoconiosis 5

Lung cancer and mesothelioma 7

Attribution 8

Further reading 10

Part I The personal environment 11

1 Cosmetics and personal care products in lung diseases Howard M. Kipen Kipen, Howard M. 13

1.1 Introduction: historical context of cosmetics and respiratory illness 13

1.2 Epidemiological context 14

1.3 Description of exposures 15

1.4 Respiratory diseases associated with exposure to cosmetics and personal care products 17

1.5 Diagnosis and management of occupational asthma in hairdressers 19

References 21

Further reading 21

2 Passive smoking Maritta S. Jaakkola Jaakkola, Maritta S. 23

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Exposure to second-hand smoke 24

2.3 Health effects of passive smoking in children 27

2.4 Health effects of passive smoking in adults 33

2.5 Diagnostic and management issues related to passive smoking 39

2.6 Prevention of SHS-related diseases 40

References 41

3 Emissions related to cooking and heating Debbie Jarvis Jarvis, Debbie 45

3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 Description of exposures 46

3.3 Pollutants produced when using gas appliances in the home 46

3.4 Diseases associated with exposures 50

References 54

Further reading 54

4 Cleaning and other household products Jan-Paul Zock Zock, Jan-Paul 55

4.1 Introduction 55

4.2 Description of exposures 56

4.3 Diseases associated with exposures 61

4.4 Diagnosis and management issues 65

4.5 Summary and conclusions 67

References 67

Further reading 67

5 Building materials and furnishing Reginald Quansah Quansah, Reginald 69

5.1 Introduction to building materials and furnishing as sources of indoor air pollution 69

5.2 Emission of formaldehyde from building and interior surface materials 70

5.3 Emissions of volatile organic compounds 72

5.4 Emission of phthalates from PVC building and interior surface materials 74

5.5 Damp buildings and emissions of biological particles 75

5.6 Specific diseases associated with exposures from building materials and furnishing 76

5.7 Diagnosis and management issues 77

References 78

Further reading 79

6 Mites, pets, fungi and rare allergens Ashok Purohit Purohit, Ashok 81

6.1 Introduction 81

6.2 Mites 81

6.3 Cat and dog allergens 82

6.4 Rodents and other pets 84

6.5 Cockroaches 85

6.6 Fungi (molds) 86

6.7 Rare allergens 90

6.8 Diagnosis and management issues 92

Further reading 93

7 Hobby pursuits Paul D. Blanc Blanc, Paul D. 95

7.1 Definitions and general approach 95

7.2 Arts, crafts, and related activities in the plastic arts 96

7.3 Hobbies and pastimes involving pets and other animals 99

7.4 Sports and the performing arts 100

7.5 Miscellaneous hobbies, pastimes and avocations 102

7.6 Specific diseases associated with hobby activities 104

7.7 Diagnosis and management 104

Further reading 105

Part II Other indoor environments 107

8 Day-care and schools Greta Smedje Smedje, Greta 109

8.1 Introduction 109

8.2 Description of exposures 110

8.3 Diseases associated with exposures in the school environment 114

8.4 Viral infections 115

8.5 Ventilation 115

8.6 Room temperature 115

8.7 Diagnosis and management issues 117

8.8 Summary 119

8.9 Recommendations 119

Further reading 119

9 Secondhand smoke exposure and the health of hospitality workers Mark D. Eisner Eisner, Mark D. 121

9.1 Introduction 121

9.2 Exposure of hospitality workers to SHS 121

9.3 Diseases and health conditions associated with exposures 123

9.4 Diagnosis and management issues 127

9.5 Conclusions 127

References 128

10 Health effects of environmental exposures while in automobiles David B. Peden Peden, David B. 129

10.1 Environmental exposures in automobiles 129

10.2 Air pollution exposure while driving in cars 130

10.3 Smoking exposure 132

10.4 Other exposures in cars 132

10.5 Diseases associated with exposures 133

10.6 Diagnosis and management issues 134

10.7 Helpful websites 135

Further reading 135

11 Indoor' sports Ware G. Kuschner Kuschner, Ware G. 137

11.1 Introduction 137

11.2 Ice sports and arenas 139

11.3 Ice arena air pollution: exposures and practical hints when taking a history 139

11.4 Indoor ice arena toxicant syndromes 140

11.5 Standards, guidelines and public health considerations 143

11.6 Cold air-exacerbated asthma and dyspnea 144

11.7 Water sports 144

11.8 Exposures 145

11.9 Diseases and health effects 147

11.10 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) 149

11.11 Infections 151

11.12 Swimming-induced pulmonary edema 151

11.13 Trauma 152

11.14 Equestrian arenas and horseback riding 152

11.15 Gymnastics, weightlifting, athletics (track and field) and rock wall climbing 155

11.16 Further reading 155

Part III The work environment 159

12 Agricultural environments and the food industry Torben Sigsgaard Sigsgaard, Torben 161

12.1 Introduction 161

12.2 Agriculture and agribusiness 161

12.3 Case 1 166

12.4 Case 2 166

12.5 Symptoms not related to allergen exposure 167

12.6 Other agrobusiness 169

12.7 Seafood and meat processing 170

12.8 Case 3 172

12.9 Bakeries 172

12.10 Other food industry 173

12.11 International perspective 174

References 175

13 Mining Robert L. Cowie Cowie, Robert L. 177

13.1 Introduction 177

13.2 Population at risk 178

13.3 The mine environment 178

13.4 Pneumoconiosis 179

13.5 Obstructive pulmonary disease 184

13.6 Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases 185

13.7 Malignant disease 185

13.8 Pleural disease 186

13.9 Connective tissue and renal diseases 186

13.10 Mining and tobacco smoking 187

13.11 Acute lung and airway inhalational injury 188

13.12 Trauma 189

13.13 Conclusion 189

Further reading 189

14 Metal industry and related jobs (including welding) William S. Beckett Beckett, William S. 191

14.1 Introduction 191

14.2 Metals defined 191

14.3 Workplace hazards from metals 192

14.4 Metal industry processes 192

14.5 Pulmonary responses to metals 193

14.6 Beryllium: lung and systemic effects 195

14.7 Cobalt disease (hard metal pulmonary disease) 197

14.8 Welding-related lung disease 197

Acknowledgment 201

Further reading 201

15 Automobile maintenance, repair and refinishing Carrie A. Redlich Redlich, Carrie A. 203

15.1 Introduction-the industry 203

15.2 Exposures from automobile maintenance and repair 204

15.3 Exposures in auto body workshops 204

15.4 Respiratory diseases in auto mechanics and repair workers 205

15.5 Work-related asthma 205

15.6 Other lung diseases in auto mechanics and repair workers 209

15.7 Other nonpulmonary occupational diseases among auto repair workers 210

Further reading 210

16 Automotive industry Kenneth D. Rosenman Rosenman, Kenneth D. 211

16.1 Introduction 211

16.2 Respiratory hazards and disease 213

16.3 Vehicle parts manufacturing 213

Further reading 222

17 Wood and textile industries Kjell Toren Toren, Kjell 223

17.1 Wood industry 223

17.2 The pulp and paper industry 226

17.3 The textile industry 227

17.4 Prevention 231

References 231

Further reading 231

18 Chemical, coatings and plastics industries Carrie A. Redlich Redlich, Carrie A. 233

18.1 Introduction and definitions 233

18.2 Overview of the chemical, coatings and plastics industry 234

18.3 Major types of paints, coatings and plastics 235

18.4 Major respiratory disorders in chemical, coatings and plastics workers 241

18.5 Diagnosis and management 244

Further reading 245

19 Work with electronics Sherwood Burge Burge, Sherwood 247

19.1 Introduction 247

19.2 The history of soldering 247

19.3 Diseases in those exposed to soft soldering flux fumes 248

19.4 Epidemiological context 248

19.5 Definition of scope (and limitations) 249

19.6 Exposures and processes in the electronics industry 249

19.7 Practical hints (and pitfalls) when taking a history from patient 249

19.8 How to document exposure, including biomonitoring 251

19.9 Diseases associated with colophony and isocyanate exposure in the electronics industry 252

19.10 Diagnosis and management issues 254

19.11 Management and prevention 256

19.12 Medicolegal considerations and compensation 256

19.13 Public health issues 257

19.14 The spectrum of occupational diseases in electronics workers 257

Further reading 258

20 The services industry Arch I. Carson Carson, Arch I. 259

20.1 Introduction 259

20.2 Health diagnosing and treating occupations 260

20.3 Personal care and service-cosmetology professionals 265

20.4 Protective services 266

20.5 Food preparation and serving-related occupations 268

20.6 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations-janitors/cleaners 269

20.7 Conclusions 270

Further reading 270

21 The construction industry Kenneth D. Linch Linch, Kenneth D. 273

21.1 Introduction 273

21.2 Inhalation hazards in the construction industry 274

21.3 Diseases associated with exposures in construction work 276

21.4 Asthma and selected immunologic conditions 280

21.5 Occupational cancers 283

21.6 Other conditions 287

Further reading 288

22 Police, firefighters and the military Stefanos N. Kales Kales, Stefanos N. 291

22.1 Introduction 291

22.2 First responders: potential exposures common to police, firefighters and the military 292

22.3 Police 302

22.4 Firefighters 303

22.5 Military 306

22.6 Compensation 309

Further reading 310

23 Office workers and teachers Kathleen Kreiss Kreiss, Kathleen 313

23.1 Introduction 313

23.2 Exposures in office buildings and schools 316

23.3 Diseases associated with exposures 330

23.4 Diagnosis and management issues 333

Further reading 336

24 Research workers Paul Cullinan Cullinan, Paul 337

24.1 Introduction 337

24.2 Respiratory hazards and diseases 338

24.3 Respiratory sensitization: asthma and rhinitis 340

24.4 Making a diagnosis of respiratory sensitization 341

24.5 Management of respiratory sensitization in the research setting 345

24.6 Respiratory disease arising from exposures to irritant substances 347

24.7 Immediate effects of acute exposures to respiratory irritants at relatively high intensity 348

24.8 Management of the acute effects of high-dose irritant exposure 350

24.9 Longer-term effects of acute exposures at relatively high intensity 350

24.10 Nonasthmatic diseases 350

24.11 Asthma 351

24.12 Management of irritant-induced asthma 352

24.13 Other respiratory diseases in research workers 353

24.14 Other occupational diseases among research workers 354

Further reading 354

25 Work in hyperbaric environments Mark Glover Glover, Mark 357

25.1 Introduction 357

25.2 Respiratory hazards, diseases and their management 361