Duplicity Theory of Vision: From Newton to the Present Book

1. Introduction; Part I. The Development of the Basic Ideas of the Duplicity Theory from Newton to G. E. Müller: 2. The Newton tradition; 3. The Schultze tradition; 4. The Goethe tradition. The phenomenological approach; 5. The colour theories of Armin Tschermak and George Elias Müller; Part II. The Development of the Duplicity Theory from 1930–66: 6. The duplicity theory of Polyak; 7. Investigations of H. K. Hartline and S. W. Kuffler; 8. The duplicity theory of R. Granit; 9. Contributions of E. N. Willmer, P. Saugstad & A. Saugstad, and I. Lie; 10. Status of the duplicity theory in the mid 1960s and its further development; Part III. Chromatic Rod Vision: An Historical Account: 11. Night vision may appear bluish; 12. Mechanisms of chromatic rod vision in scotopic illumination; 13. Rod-cone interactions in mesopic vision; 14. Contribution of J. J. McCann and J. L. Benton; 15. Contribution of P. W. Trezona; 16. Contribution of C. F. Stromeyer III; 17. Contribution of Steven Buck and co-workers; 18. Contribution of J. L. Nerger and co-workers; Part IV. Theories of Sensitivity Regulation of the Rod and Cone Systems: A Historical Account: 19. Introduction; 20. Early photochemical explanations; 21. Contribution of S. Hecht; 22. Contribution of G. Wald. Photochemical sensitivity regulation of rods and cones; 23. Relationship between amount of rhodopsin and sensitivity during dark adaptation; 24. Post-receptor sensitivity regulation mechanisms; 25. Rushton's A.G.C. model. Each receptor type has a separate and independent adaptation pool; 26. Are light and dark adaptation really equivalent?; 27. A decisive experiment; 28. The adaptation mechanisms explored by the after-flash technique; 29. Limitations of Rushton's photochemical theory; 30. Contribution of H. B. Barlow; 31. Rushton and Barlow compared; 32. Contribution of T. D. Lamb; 33. The Dowling-Rushton equation refuted; 34. Difference between rod and cone dark adaptation; 35. Light and dark adaptation are not equivalent; 36. Allosteric regulation of dark adaptation; 37. A search for the allosteric adaptation mechanisms; 38. Several mechanisms involved in sensitivity regulation; 39. Sensitivity regulation due to rod-cone interaction; 40. Modern conceptions of sensitivity regulation; Part V. Factors that Triggered the Paradigm Shifts in the Development of the Duplicity Theory: 41. Summary of K. R. Popper's and T. S. Kuhn's models of scientific development; 42. The development of the duplicity theory as a test of Popper's and Kuhn's models; 43. References.