The Law of the European Union: A New Constitutional Order Book

	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	Table of Cases
	Table of European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance Cases
	Abbreviations
Ch. 1	History at a Glance from "War" to "Union"	3
Sect. 1	The Search for Europe and European Unification	7
Sect. 2	European Cooperation	18
Sect. 3	European Integration	27
Ch. 2	The European Union: Structure and Constitutional Principles	71
Sect. 1	Structure of the European Union	75
Sect. 2	Distribution of Powers in the European Union: Constitutional Principles	105
Ch. 3	Institutional Framework of the European Union	163
Sect. 1	Institutional Framework	170
Sect. 2	Organs, Agencies, Committees	252
Ch. 4	Decision-Making System	261
Sect. 1	The Decision-Making Process: an Institutional Balance?	263
Sect. 2	Implementation of EC Acts: Delegation of Powers	292
Ch. 5	The EC Court System: Structure, Functions and Procedure	313
Sect. 1	The European Court of Justice	320
Sect. 2	The Court of First Instance	357
Sect. 3	Enlargement and the Future of the EU Judicial System	376
Ch. 6	Sources of Law and Methods of Interpretation	381
Sect. 1	Sources of Law	391
Sect. 2	Interpretation of Community Law	466
Ch. 7	Community Law and National Legal Orders	485
Sect. 1	The Nature of Community Law	490
Sect. 2	Supremacy of EC Law and the Member States	495
Sect. 3	Reception of EC Law in Some Member States	537
Ch. 8	Preliminary References and Rulings	583
Sect. 1	The Meaning of ECT Article 234: Preliminary Ruling	588
Sect. 2	The Scope of Application of Article 234 [ex Article 177]	591
Ch. 9	Judicial Review: Action for Annulment, Action for Failure to Act and Exception of Illegality	661
Sect. 1	The Action for Annulment or Judicial Review	668
Sect. 2	Action For Failure to Act: ECT Article 232 (ex Article 175); [Recours en Carence]	729
Sect. 3	The Exception of Illegality: ECT Article 241 (ex Article 184)	743
Ch. 10	Actions For Infringement or Actions for Enforcement of the Treaty	755
Sect. 1	Notion of 'Infringement'	760
Sect. 2	Parties to the Action for Infringement	763
Sect. 3	Proceedings of the Action for Infringement	772
Sect. 4	Defenses or Grounds of Exoneration	781
Sect. 5	Judgments of the ECJ under ECT Article 228 (Ex Article 171)	796
Sect. 6	The Commission - The ECJ and ECT Article 228	803
Ch. 11	Issues of Liability	817
Sect. 1	Liability of the Member States	820
Sect. 2	Liability of the European Community	834
Ch. 12	External Relations: EU Foreign Policy Powers, Constraints and Actions	853
Sect. 1	Foreign Policy Elements of the Common Foreign and Security Policy	858
Sect. 2	International Law and the EU	869
Sect. 3	Treaty Making and Application by the EU	881
Sect. 4	Relations with International Organizations	898
Sect. 5	Establishment and Implementation of the CFSP	903
Sect. 6	Scope of EU-US Relations: The EU-US Partnership	909
Ch. 13	Enlargement	935
Sect. 1	Qualitative and Practical Issues	937
Sect. 2	The Policy of Expansion	938
Sect. 3	Procedures for Enlargement	953
Sect. 4	Problems of Consequential Institutional Changes	964
Ch. 14	EU Security and Defense	985
Sect. 1	The European Union After Amsterdam	992
Sect. 2	The EU and WEU Working Together	1006
Sect. 3	Building Up to the 2000 Intergovernmental Conference (IGC)	1018
Sect. 4	A Longer View of Integration	1023
Ch. 15	Justice and Home Affairs in the European Union	1035
Sect. 1	Historical Background	1037
Sect. 2	An Area of Freedom, Security and Justice	1043
Sect. 3	General Conclusion	1069
	Bibliography General Readings	1073
	Index	1075