History of Latvian Jews Book

	Acknowledgements
	Foreword
	Preface to Latvian Edition
1	Historiography	1
2	Kurzeme Jews, 1585-1915	9
	Diaspora, A.D. 70-1492	9
	Settlement in Poland	10
	Kurzeme Under the Livonian Order, 1201-1561	10
	Kurzeme Duchy and the Piltene District, 1562-1795	11
	Changing Attitude Toward Jews in the Late 18th Century	16
	Russian Rule, 1795-1915	20
3	Vidzeme Jews, 1638-1917	27
	Early Footholds in Riga, 1638-1864	27
	Slow Progress, 1850-1914	31
	Schools and Synagogues	35
	The 1905 Revolution and its Aftermath	37
	World War I, 1914-1917	40
	The February and October Revolutions of 1917	41
4	Latgale Jews, 1561-1918	45
	Polish Rule, 1561-1772	45
	Russian Rule, 1772-1918	47
	Daugavpils	51
	Turmoil, 1917-1918	53
5	Jews in the Latvian Republic, 1918-1939	57
	War of Independence, 1918-1920	57
	The Parliamentary Republic, 1918-1934	60
	The 1934 Coup; Nationalization of Non-Latvian Businesses	63
	Promotion of Latvian Language: Schools	66
	Anti-Semitism	71
6	Jewish Political Parties and Movements in Latvia	77
	Socialist Revolutionaries (SR)	77
	The Bund	78
	Zionist	81
	Jewish Parties in the Parliamentary Republic, 1918-1934	84
	The Communist Party	90
7	Jewish Cultural, Educational, and Charitable Organizations; Sport Clubs and Newspapers	95
	Youth Organizations	95
	Cultural Organizations	97
	Sports	98
	Newspapers	100
	Charitable Organizations	102
8	Scientists, Scholars, and Artists	105
	The Mintz Brothers	105
	Scholars and Scientists	107
	Theater and Film	109
	Painters and Sculptors	110
	Music	112
	Writers	113
9	Soviet Encroachment and Occupation, 1939-1941	115
	The Hitler-Stalin Pact, 1939	116
	Soviet Occupation, 1940-1941	117
10	German Occupation, 1941-1945	125
	The Holocaust in Latvia	127
	Overview	128
	Ghettos, 1941-1943	131
	Righteous Gentiles: The Saviors	138
	Comments by the Editor	141
11	Soviet Occupation, 1944-1991	145
	"Economic Crimes"	147
	State Anti-Semitism	149
	Troubles After Stalin	152
	Latvia Regains its Independence	155
12	Jewish Religious Communities; Jewish Mentality	159
	Famous Rabbis	159
	Jewish Mentality	162
	Judaism and Christianity	164
	Relations Between Latvians and Jews	165
	Latvian Jewry: Past and Future	167
13	Comments on "The Jews of Latvia 1919-1940" by Andrew Ezergailis	169
14	"The Jews of Latvia 1919-1940" by Anonymous	179
	Population	179
	Jewish Religious Communities	181
	Family Life	182
	Criminality	183
	Languages	184
	Attitude Toward War: Toward the United States	186
	Underground Movement	186
	Groups-in-Exile	187
	Citizenship	187
	Civil Service	187
	Taxes	188
	Minority Rights	188
	Government Departments for Jewish Affairs	189
	Occupational Structure	189
	The Judiciary	190
	Industry	190
	Commerce	192
	Employment; Wages	195
	Labour Unions	196
	The Press	196
	Health Services	197
	Mortality	199
	Housing	201
	Education	201
	Welfare Institutions	206
	History of Anti-Semitism	206
	Attitude of Government - Before 1934	209
	Extra-Legal Discrimination	210
	Acquisition of Real Estate	210
	Reconstruction Agencies	212
	Bibliography	213
	Index	221