Federal Preemption: States' Powers, National Interests Book

Preface Kenneth W. Starr Starr, Kenneth W.

Notes

Introduction: Preemption in Context Richard A. Epstein Epstein, Richard A. Michael S. Greve Greve, Michael S. 1

Preemption, Supremacy, and the Alternatives 3

From Supremacy to Preemption 10

Preemption in the Post-New Deal Era 16

Notes 22

Part I Constitutional Context 25

1 Federal Displacement of State Law: The Nineteenth-Century View Viet D. Dinh Dinh, Viet D. 27

Federal Authority and Supremacy 29

Exclusivity 33

Conflict: Actual and Implied 36

Conclusion 39

Notes 41

2 The Breadth vs. the Depth of Congress's Commerce Power: The Curious History of Preemption during the Lochner Era Stephen Gardbaum Gardbaum, Stephen 48

The Intellectual and Constitutional Frameworks 50

The Early Lochner Court: 1887-1912 53

The Dominant View 57

The Minority View 62

The New Preemption Paradigm 67

Conclusion 73

Notes 75

Part II Applications 79

3 The Case for FDA Preemption Daniel E. Troy Troy, Daniel E. 81

FDA Regulation: Drug Approval and Labeling 82

The Effects of Liability Litigation 85

Failure-to-Warn Suits: The Growing Threat and FDA's Response 91

The Case for Preemption 100

Notes 106

4 Federal Preemption in Cellular Phone Regulation Thomas W. Hazlett Hazlett, Thomas W. 113

Trade-Offs: State vs. Federal Jurisdiction 114

Building Wireless Networks 119

A Natural Experiment 125

Conclusion 133

Notes 135

5 Federalism and Financial Regulation Hal S. Scott Scott, Hal S. 139

Banking 140

Securities 148

Insurance 152

Federal Primacy and Preemption Reform: A Modern Necessity 155

Notes 161

6 Preemption in Environmental Law: Formalism, FederalismTheory, and Default Rules Thomas W. Merrill Merrill, Thomas W. 166

Default Rules 168

Federal Common Law Defaults 170

Dormant Commerce Clause Defaults 174

Express Preemption Defaults 176

Applications 180

Conclusion 187

Notes 189

7 Supreme Court Preemption: The Contested Middle Ground of Products Liability Samuel Issacharoff Issacharoff, Samuel Catherine M. Sharkey Sharkey, Catherine M. 194

Federal Interests in Preemption 196

Products Liability: The Contested Middle Ground 201

Conclusion 209

Notes 211

Part III The Logic of Preemption 217

8 The Problem of Federal Preemption: Toward a Formal Solution Robert R. Gasaway Gasaway, Robert R. Ashley C. Parrish Parrish, Ashley C. 219

Identifying the Elements of Form 221

Rules vs. Standards: Enforcement Mechanisms 230

Conclusion 241

Notes 243

9 Federal Preemption and State Autonomy Ernest A. Young Young, Ernest A. 249

Preemption and the Imperatives of Federalism Doctrine 250

The Libertarian Vision 255

Preemption in Statutory Context 257

Limiting Preemption 264

Conclusion 269

Notes 270

10 Supremacy and Preemption: A View from Europe Anne van Aaken van Aaken, Anne 277

Supremacy, European-Style 278

The Union's Powers 281

Canons of Construction 288

Legal Instruments and Bases 291

Preemption 294

Conclusion 297

Notes 300

Conclusion: Preemption Doctrine and Its Limits Richard A. Epstein Epstein, Richard A. Michael S. Greve Greve, Michael S. 309

Implied Preemption and the Anti-Circumvention Principle 312

Rice Reexamined 315

The Dormant Prong of Dormant Commerce 318

Warnings, Labels, and Design 323

Formalism? Functionalism? Expertise? 330

The Limits of Doctrine 335

Notes 338

About the Authors 343

Index 349