Principles of Environmental Sampling Book

	Contributors
	Preface
1	Determining What Kinds of Samples and How Many Samples To Analyze	3
2	Overview of the Sampling Process	41
3	Legal Considerations in Sampling	63
4	Defining the Accuracy, Precision, and Confidence Limits of Sample Data	77
5	Assessing and Controlling Sample Contamination	85
6	Environmental Sampling Quality Assurance	111
7	Defining Control Site and Blank Sample Needs	139
8	Effect of Equipment on Sample Representativeness	155
9	Extending the Concept of Data Quality Objectives To Account for Total Sample Variance	169
10	Pilot Studies for Improving Sampling Protocols	185
11	The Sampling Theory of Pierre Gy: Comparisons, Implementation, and Applications for Environmental Sampling	203
12	Modern Sampling Equipment: Design and Application	225
13	Automatic Water and Wastewater Sampling	237
14	Techniques for Sampling Surface and Industrial Waters: Special Considerations and Choices	259
15	Preservation Techniques for Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Water Samples	267
16	Development of Stability Data for Organic Compounds in Environmental Samples	277
17	Solid-Phase Extraction Basics for Water Analysis	297
18	Sampling Waters: The Impact of Sample Variability on Planning and Confidence Levels	317
19	Fundamentals and Considerations for Field Filtration of Environmental Water Samples	337
20	Planning and Design for Environmental Sampling	361
21	Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells: Special Quality Assurance and Quality Control Considerations	377
22	Groundwater Sampling	393
23	Sampling for Organic Chemicals in Air	401
24	Current and Emerging Sampling and Analytical Methods for Point Source and Non-Profit Source Emission Measurements	471
25	Sampling for Exposure Assessment in the Workplace and Community: Strategies and Methods	521
26	Particulate Matter with Aerodynamic Diameters Smaller than 10 [mu]m: Measurement Methods and Sampling Strategies	539
27	Effects of Environmental Measurement Variability on Air Quality Decisions	575
28	Airborne Sampling and In Situ Measurement of Atmospheric Chemical Species	587
29	Aerometric Measurement Requirements for Quantifying Dry Deposition	599
30	Sampling Aquatic Biological Matrices	621
31	Coping with Sampling Variability in Biota: Percentiles and Other Strategies	653
32	Sample Size: Relation to Analytical and Quality Assurance and Quality Control Requirements	671
33	Composite Sampling for Environmental Monitoring	679
34	Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil: Accurate and Representative Analysis
35	Sampling and Analysis for Mixed Chemical and Radiological Parameters	705
36	Integration of Immunoassay Field Analytical Techniques into Sampling Plans	727
37	Preservation Techniques for Samples of Solids, Sludges, and Nonaqueous Liquids	737
38	Sampling and Analysis of Hazardous and Industrial Wastes: Special Quality Assurance and Quality Control Considerations	743
39	Cost-Effective Sampling for Spatially Distributed Phenomena	753
40	Geostatistical Sampling Designs for Hazardous Waste Sites	779
	Glossary	805
	Affiliation Index	823
	Subject Index	824