Physical Agents : A Comprehensive Text for Physical Therapists Book

	Contents
	Foreword
	Preface
	Contributors
	Acknowledgments
1	Approaching Physical Agents	1
1	Skin	3
2	Peripheral Circulatory Systems	17
3	Edema	27
4	Pain	37
5	Electromagnetic Spectrum	49
2	Thermal Agents	55
6	Terminology	57
7	Thermal Physics	65
8	Biophysics	79
9	Physiological Responses to Local Heat Gain or Loss	91
10	Clinical Effects of Thermal Modalities	115
11	Superficial Heat Modalities	125
12	Diathermy	143
13	Ultrasound	163
14	Cryotherapy	193
15	Considerations for All Thermal Treatments	205
3	Hydrotherapy	219
16	Hydrotherapy	221
4	Electrotherapy	253
17	Therapeutic Electricity	255
18	Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Nerve and Muscle Tissues	273
19	Clinical Uses of Electrical Stimulation	283
20	Iontophoresis	295
21	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation	299
22	Point Locator/Stimulator	307
23	Clinical Electroneuromyography	311
5	Additional Physical Agents	365
24	Electromyographic Biofeedback for Motor Control	367
25	Ultraviolet Irradiation	377
26	Lasers	391
27	Spinal Traction (Distraction)	397
28	Intermittent Pneumatic Compression	419
6	Clinical Problems for Review and Laboratory Experiments	429
29	Clinical Problems	431
30	Laboratory Experiments	449
	Index	461