Jerusalem: Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 B. C. E. -70 C. E. ) Book

	Preface
	Introduction
Pt. I	From Cyrus to the Hasmoneans
Ch. 1	The Persian Era (539-332 B.C.E.)	3
	The Restoration of City and Temple	8
	The First Returnees: Hopes Thwarted by Hardships	12
	The Temple Rebuilt	15
	The Era of Ezra and Nehemiah	20
	The Enigmatic Fourth Century B.C.E.	31
	The Persian Era in Perspective	42
Ch. 2	The Hellenistic Era (332-141 B.C.E.)	45
	The Ptolemaic Era (301-198 B.C.E.)	48
	The Seleucid Era (198-141 B.C.E.)	65
Ch. 3	The Hasmonean Era (141-63 B.C.E.)	91
	The Hasmonean Factor in Jerusalem Society	92
	Three Episodes in Hasmonean Jerusalem	99
	The Urban Setting	106
	Political and Religious Groupings in Hasmonean Jerusalem	114
	Common Judaism under the Hasmoneans	133
	Hellenization in Hasmonean Jerusalem	143
	The End of an Era	147
Pt. II	Herodian Jerusalem
Ch. 4	The Historical Dimension	151
	Transition to Roman Rule	151
	From Pompey's Conquest to the Rise of Herod (63-37 B.C.E.)	158
	Herodian Politics: At Home and Abroad (37-4 B.C.E.)	165
	Herodian Rule in Jerusalem	170
	Herod's Domestic Woes	179
	Evaluating Herod and His Rule	181
	The Reign of Archelaus (4 B.C.E.-6 C.E.)	183
Ch. 5	The Urban Landscape	187
	The Antonia	194
	The Western Towers	196
	Herod's Palace	198
	Entertainment Institutions	201
	Funerary Remains	206
	Water Supply and Installations	213
Ch. 6	The Temple and Temple Mount	219
	The Temple Mount: Physical Dimensions and Functions	226
	The Temple and Its Courts	237
	Temple Functionaries	243
	The Temple as a Religious Focus	245
Ch. 7	Jerusalem in the Greco-Roman Orbit: The Extent and Limitations of Cultural Fusion	255
	The Temple	257
	Residential Quarters	260
	Funerary Remains	261
	Political Institutions	265
	Language	270
	Pharisaic Exegesis	276
	Defining the Limits of Acculturation	278
Pt. III	The First Century C.E.
Ch. 8	The Historical Dimension	285
	Direct Roman Rule: The Earlier Period (6-41 C.E.)	285
	Jerusalem under Agrippa I (41-44 C.E.)	295
	Procuratorial Rule (44-66 C.E.): The Collapse of Jerusalem Society	302
Ch. 9	The Urban Configuration	313
	Geographical Expansion	313
	The Third Wall	315
	Topography	318
	The Lower City	319
	The Upper City	326
	The Northern Commercial Quarter	335
	The Bezetha Quarter (the New City)	337
	Demography	340
	Economic Activity	343
App	The Use of Rabbinic Literature in the Study of Second Temple Jerusalem	349
Ch. 10	Social Stratification	351
	The Social Dimension	351
	High Priests	352
	Priests	358
	The Herodian Dynasty	361
	The Nonpriestly Aristocracy	365
	Diaspora Jews	369
Ch. 11	Religious Ambience	375
	Religious Life in First-Century Jerusalem	375
	Scribes	381
	The Christian Community	382
	Common Judaism in First-Century Jerusalem	387
	Synagogues	394
Ch. 12	The Destruction of Jerusalem (66-70 C.E.)	401
	Causes of the Revolt	401
	Jerusalem during the Revolt (66-70 C.E.)	404
	The Siege and Fall of the City	406
	Epilogue	413
	Glossary	417
	Abbreviations	420
	Bibliography	423
	Illustration Credits	470
	Subject Index	472