Nursing Policy Research: Turning Evidence-Based Research into Health Policy Book

List of Figures     xiii
List of Tables     xv
Contributors     xvii
Foreword   Linda Aiken     xix
Preface   Geri L. Dickson   Linda Flynn     xxiii
Acknowledgments     xxvii
Discovering the Research to Policy Connection     1
Back to the Future: From Evidence to Policy   Geri L. Dickson     3
Select Examples of Past Policy Changes     4
Where Do We Go From Here? The Intersection of Politics and Policy     12
Applying Kingdon and Gladwell's Theories to Policy Change by Nurses     16
Nursing Outcomes Research: Connections to Workforce Issues and Policy Decisions   Sean P. Clarke     19
Health Services Research and Nursing Outcomes Research     20
Challenges in Nursing Outcomes Research     22
Nursing Outcomes Research at the University of Pennsylvania's Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research     27
The Future and the Role of Nursing Outcomes Research     29
Lessons Learned   Geri L. Dickson     33
Toward Evidence-Based Policy: Collecting and Managing the Data     39
Introduction   Geri L. Dickson     39
Addressing the Complexities of Survey Research   Patricia Moulton   Linda M. Lacey   Linda Flynn   Christine Tassone Kovner   Carol S. Brewer     43
It Is All About the Why: Determining Your Survey Research Topic     44
Do You Know What You Are Asking? Common Problems With Survey Questions     50
Mail Survey Method: Imperatives and Pitfalls     58
Collecting Data by Survey-The Best-Laid Plans Can Go Awry     62
Forecasting a State Supply and Demand of RNs Using the Revised 2005 HRSA Models   Lynn Unruh   Valerie Danesh     71
The HRSA Nursing Demand and Supply Models     73
Using the HRSA Models for Forecasting in Individual States: Three Approaches     81
FCN Experiences in Using the HRSA Models for Forecasting in Florida     85
Summary of FCN Experiences: Lessons Learned in Using the HRSA Models for Forecasting in Florida and Recommendations for Other States     98
Missing Data Effects on Nurse Workforce Analysis and Projections   Jennifer G. Nooney     103
Sources and Causes of Missing Data     104
Analyzing and Classifying Missingness: The Bias Analysis     107
Traditional Methods for Dealing with Missing Data     111
Recent Developments in Missing Data Techniques     115
Lessons Learned   Linda Flynn     121
Research and Workplace Policy     125
Introduction   Geri L. Dickson     125
Work Satisfaction Among Staff Nurses in Acute Care Hospitals   Carol S. Brewer   Christine Tassone Kovner     127
Sample     128
Methods     129
Findings     130
Discussion     136
Policy Implications     138
Workload, Quality of Care, and Job Satisfaction in Home Health Nurses   Linda Flynn     143
Background and Significance     144
Method     146
Findings     147
Policy Implications     150
The Emotional Demands of Nursing   Rebecca J. Erickson     155
A Crisis in Nurse Staffing     156
Why Nurses Leave Direct Patient Care     157
The Emotional Foundations of Burnout     158
Methods     162
Results     168
What Influences Burnout Among Registered Nurses?     170
Which Facets of the Emotional Context of Care Might Contribute to an Understanding of Burnout Over and Above the Effect of Individual and Occupational Characteristics?     172
Lessons Learned   Geri L. Dickson     179
Research and Educational Policy     183
Introduction   Geri L. Dickson     183
Nursing's Long-Term Pipeline: A Study of High School Students Using a Unique Data Collection Approach   Rebecca Rudel   Patricia Moulton     187
North Dakota's Unique Nursing Education History     188
Tomorrow's Nursing Pipeline: A Literature Review     191
Nursing as a Specific Career Vision in High School     193
The High School Student Survey     194
Discussion     200
The Looming Crisis of an Inadequate Pipeline for Nursing Faculty   Brenda Cleary   James W. Bevill Jr.   Linda M. Lacey   Jennifer G. Nooney     209
Faculty Supply and Demand     210
The Pipeline for Faculty Roles     212
Discussion     214
Clinical Simulation and the Need for Evidence-Based Policy   Felissa R. Lashley   Wendy Nehring     219
Types of Simulation     221
Standardized Patients     225
Simulation and Policy     226
Lessons Learned   Geri L. Dickson     233
Funding the Research to Policy Connection     237
Introduction   Linda Flynn     237
Of Horses and Ponies: Taking Your Show to Washington   Claudia L. McDonald     239
Why Should I Learn to Dance?     239
The Dance: One Step at a Time     242
The Federal Budget Process     246
AHRQ Funding Opportunities for Nurse Researchers   Kathleen Kendrick   Gail S. Makulowich   Mary L. Grady     253
AHRQ's Changing Mission     254
AHRQ's Research Priorities     255
Research Funding Opportunities     257
Training and Career Development Programs     263
Research Infrastructure Support Programs     265
Getting an AHRQ Research Grant     266
Overview of the Grant Application Submission, Review, and Award Process     267
From Issues to Action: How the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Influences Health Policy   Lori Melichar   Susan B. Hassmiller     271
Governmental Policy: RWJF's Role in Advancing the Nurse Practitioner Role     272
Organizational Policy: Transforming Care at the Bedside     273
The Process of Influencing Policy     275
Identifying Promising Solutions to Improve Health and Health Care     278
Creating the Evidence to Convince Policy Makers to Improve Health and Health Care Policy     279
Restrictions on Lobbying: A Delicate Balance     285
Building Capacity of Individuals and Institutions     288
Conclusion: How RWJF Influences Policy     289
A Metaphor for Addressing the Nurse Shortage in Oregon   Judith L. Woodruff     293
Northwest Health Foundation     294
Farming and the Relationship to the Nursing Workforce Crisis     295
Cultivating the Environment for Nursing     296
Planning for Future Crops: Supporting a Nursing Policy Agenda     308
Conclusion and Key Findings     310
Lessons Learned   Linda Flynn     313
Making the Research to Policy Connection     317
Introduction   Geri L. Dickson     317
Policy Development and Nursing   Lucille A. Joel     319
Citizenship in a Democracy     319
Nurses as Participants in a Democratic Community     320
The Power of Numbers     322
Politics for Policy     323
Beyond Baseline     327
State Funding for Nurse Faculty Loan Repayment: The Vermont Experience   Mary Val Palumbo     329
Applying Kingdon's Framework     329
The Political Stream     333
The Policy Stream     333
Using Research to Influence Federal Policy: The Nephrology Nurses' Experience   Linda Flynn   Charlotte Thomas-Hawkins   Sandra M. Bodin     343
The Research-Policy Connection     344
The Revised Model in Action     344
Lessons Learned   Linda Flynn     349
Epilogue     353
From Research to Policy-The Ultimate Translation   Linda Flynn   Geri L. Dickson     355
Index     359