Nutritional Pathology: Pathobiochemistry of Dietary Imbalances, Vol. 10 Book

	Preface	v
	Contributors	vii
1.	Tryptophan: Unique Action by an Essential Amino Acid	1
I.	Introduction	1
II.	Historical Data and Findings in Deficiencies	1
III.	Occurrence in Nature and in Mammals	3
IV.	Chemical Pathways	4
V.	Effect on the Central Nervous System	6
VI.	Effect on the Liver	9
VII.	Effect on the Livers of Rats Treated with Hepatotoxic Agents	27
VIII.	Effect on Other Organs	29
IX.	Tryptophan and Hormones	30
X.	Tryptophan and Cancer	31
XI.	Tryptophan and Pregnancy	34
XII.	Tryptophan and Aging	36
XIII.	Tryptophan and Hepatic Coma	36
XIV.	Other Essential Amino Acids and Their Possible Unique Actions	39
XV.	Potential Importance of Tryptophan and Its Unique Actions	40
	References	41
2.	Effects of Nutrition on Transcriptional and Translational Controls of Protein Synthesis in Liver	63
I.	Introduction	63
II.	Mechanisms that Control Hepatic Protein Synthesis	64
III.	Influence of Nutritional Components on Hepatic Protein Synthesis	68
IV.	Conclusions	99
	References	99
3.	Nutritionally Induced Pancreatic Disease	115
I.	Introduction	115
II.	Exocrine Pancreas	116
III.	Endocrine Pancreas	123
IV.	Conclusion	123
	References	124
4.	Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease	127
I.	Introduction	127
II.	Cholesterol and Lipoproteins	128
III.	The Diet	132
IV.	Fat	134
V.	Protein	136
VI.	Carbohydrate	140
VII.	Fiber	142
VIII.	Trace Minerals	144
IX.	Conclusion	145
	References	146
5.	Pathologic Effects of Malnutrition on the Central Nervous System	161
I.	Introduction	161
II.	Cellular Growth	162
III.	Brain Lipids	165
IV.	Brain Metabolism	168
V.	Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Growth and Development	171
VI.	Brain Size	172
VII.	Brain Composition	175
VIII.	Malnutrition and Synaptic Development	180
IX.	Malnutrition and Energy Metabolism	187
X.	Fatty Acids and Brain Development	188
XI.	Malnutrition and Brain Protein	188
XII.	Amino Acids and Neurotransmitters	189
XIII.	Iron Deficiency	189
XIV.	Catch-Up Growth	190
XV.	Brain Function--behavior and Intelligence	190
XVI.	Conclusions	194
	References	196
6.	Dietary Fibers: Aspects of Nutrition, Pharmacology, and Pathology	207
I.	Introduction	207
II.	Dietary Fibers and Their Components	208
III.	Physiological and Pharmacological Responses	217
IV.	Therapeutic Applications	233
V.	Undesirable Effects and Pathological Responses	241
VI.	Fiber, Bile Acids, and Colon Cancer	246
VII.	Conclusions	253
VIII.	Glossary of Terms	254
	References	255
7.	Pathology of Choline Deficiency	279
I.	Introduction	279
II.	Biochemistry of Choline	280
III.	Pathological Lesions Induced by Choline Deficiency	283
IV.	Pathogenetic Mechanisms	286
V.	Conclusions	303
	References	305
8.	Role of Nutritional Status in Drug Metabolism and Toxicity	321
I.	Introduction	321
II.	Measurement of Drug-Metabolizing Activity	323
III.	Consequences of Dietary Manipulation	324
IV.	Protein	325
V.	Undernutrition	332
VI.	Carbohydrate	336
VII.	Lipids	338
VIII.	Vitamins	341
IX.	Minerals	343
X.	Phase-2 Metabolism	344
XI.	Conclusion	346
	References	347
9.	Pathological Changes Associated with Drug-Induced Malnutrition	357
I.	Introduction	357
II.	Classifications of Drug-Induced Malnutrition	357
III.	The Pathophysiology of Malabsorption in Drug-Induced Enteropathies	360
IV.	Spindle Poisons	364
V.	The Neurotoxicity of Vitamin Antagonists	367
VI.	Hepatotoxicity of Vitamin Antagonists	371
VII.	Nutrient Depletion Secondary to Drug-Induced Tissue Injury	372
VIII.	Conclusions	373
	References	373
	Index	381