Handbook of Detergents Book

	Handbook Introduction	iii
	Preface	vii
	Contributors	xiii
Part I	The Multidimensionality of Detergent-Related Environmental Impact and Its Assessment
1.	Sustainable Relationships: Raw Materials-Surfactant/Detergent Production/Formulation-Usage/Consumption-Environment: A Systemic Challenge for the New Millennium	1
2.	Detergents and the Environment: Historical Review	11
3.	Distribution, Behavior, Fate, and Effects of Surfactants and Their Degradation Products in the Environment	77
4.	Relevance of Biodegradation Assessments of Detergents/Surfactants	111
5.	Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Detergent Chemicals	129
6.	Generation and Use of Data to Predict Environmental Concentrations for Use in Detergent Risk Assessments	147
7.	Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Approach to the Environmental Profile of Detergent Consumer Products	195
8.	Biodegradability and Toxicity of Surfactants	211
9.	The Biodegradability of Detergent Ingredients in an Environmental Context: A Practical Approach	249
10.	Environmental Risk Assessment of Surfactants: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Aquatic Toxicity	271
11.	Environmental Impacts of Detergent Packaging: The Case of Plastic Bottles	299
12.	European Environmental Safety Legislation on Detergents	317
13.	The Application of Environmental Risk Assessment to Detergent Ingredients in Consumer Products	347
Part II	Environmental Behavior, Effects, and Impact of Detergent Components
14.	Surfactants in the Environment: Fate and Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and Alcohol-Based Surfactants	373
15.	The Environmental Safety of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Demonstrated by Risk Assessment and Guidelines for Their Safe Use	429
16.	Estrogenic Effects of the Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Their Biodegradation Products	447
17.	The Survival and Distribution of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Surface Water and Groundwater: The Case of Israel--Is There an Environmental Problem?	467
18.	Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides	487
19.	Biodegradation of Cationic Surfactants: An Environmental Perspective	523
20.	Biodegradability of Amphoteric Surfactants	551
21.	Environmental Impact of Inorganic Detergent Builders	573
22.	Environmental Impact of Aminocarboxylate Chelating Agents	611
23.	Environmental Impact of Bleaching Activators	629
24.	Perborates: The Environmentally Problematic Bleaching Agents	645
25.	Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Minor Components in Personal Care Products	663
26.	The Environmental Impact of Surfactant Ingredients in Pesticide Formulations--Special Focus on Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylamine Ethoxylates	691
27.	Biodegradation of Surface-Active Detergent Components in Sewage Treatment Plants	719
28.	Surfactant Biodegradation: Sugar-Based Surfactants Compared to Other Surfactants	739
29.	Biotreatment of Wastewater with a High Concentration of Surfactants	761
30.	Science Versus Politics in the Environmental Regulatory Process	785
31.	The Environmental Impact of Detergents: Which Way Is the Wind Blowing?	803
	Index	811