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Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xiv
Part 1 Coal 1
1 A Brief History of Coal 3
The Early History of Coal 3
The Coal Industry in the United States 10
Life and Death in Early Coal Mines 12
2 Geochemistry and Geology 18
The Chemistry of Coal 18
A Coal Economy 22
The Geology of Coal 25
3 Meeting the Demand for Coal 28
The Scale of Demand 29
Environmental and Social Costs of Mining 35
An Interview with Charlene Marshall on the Human Costs of Coal 40
4 The Combustion Reaction 48
Products and Reactants 48
Global Warming and Carbon Sequestration 53
The Role of the Oceans 56
5 Electricity Production and Its Consequences 60
New Power-Production Technologies 61
More on CO2 Sequestration 67
Emissions Controls 68
6 Alternative Uses for Coal 73
Methane from Coal 73
Coal as a Transportation Fuel 76
A Source for Hydrogen Gas 78
Engineering the Climate 79
7 Price versus Cost and National Coal Policies 83
Pricing Coal 84
National Energy Policies 88
Carbon Trading Markets 90
Part 2 Oil 97
8 A Brief History of Oil 99
The Oil Business Prior to 1950 100
Standard Oil 104
The Oil Business after 1950 107
9 The Geology and Chemistry of Oil 115
Oil and Geology 116
The Chemistry of Oil 119
When Will the World Run Out of Oil? 120
10 Meeting the Demand for Oil 126
Obtaining Oil 127
The Oil Sands of Alberta 130
Transporting Oil 132
11 Creating and Consuming Petroleum Products 136
Refineries 137
The Chemistry of Combustion 140
The Refinery Business 142
12 Patterns of Consumption 147
The Transportation Sector 148
Alternatives to Gasoline 154
Other Uses of Oil 156
13 Environmental Costs of the OilEconomy 158
Local Effects 159
Global Effects 165
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 166
14 Oil Markets and Government Policies 170
Pricing Petroleum 171
Collusion or Free Market? 181
National Policies 183
Chronology 188
List of Acronyms 191
Glossary 192
Further Resources 195
Index 200
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Add Coal and Oil, Energy and the Environment is a six-volume set that examines the history, technology, science, and environmental and social implications (including issues of environmental justice) associated with the acquisition and production of energy. Designed to comp, Coal and Oil to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Coal and Oil, Energy and the Environment is a six-volume set that examines the history, technology, science, and environmental and social implications (including issues of environmental justice) associated with the acquisition and production of energy. Designed to comp, Coal and Oil to your collection on WonderClub |