Individualized Intervention with Young Multiple Offenders : The California Community Treatment Project, Issues and Perspectives Book

	Foreword	xi
	Preface	xv
	Acknowledgments	xxi
	Introduction	xxv
Volume 1	California's Community Treatment Project
Part I	An Experiment in Individualized Intervention
Chapter 1	Background and Overview	3
Chapter 2	Organization, Intake, and Assumptions	11
Chapter 3	Program Elements	29
Chapter 4	The Youths: Background and I-Level	47
Chapter 5	Personality Types and Case Illustrations	55
Chapter 6	Methods of Intervention	69
Part II	Program Effectiveness and Matching
Chapter 7	Research Questions and Measures of Impact	89
Chapter 8	Program Effectiveness for Valley Youths	95
Chapter 9	Program Effectiveness for San Francisco Youths	109
Chapter 10	Social Risk, Pre/Post Change, Age, and Costs	125
Chapter 11	Matching of Worker and Youth	159
Part III	Review, Phase 3, Implications, and Key Factors
Chapter 12	Review of Findings	197
Chapter 13	The Phase 3 Experiment: Adding an Institutional Component	213
Chapter 14	Program Review and General Implications	231
Chapter 15	Key Factors in Performance	245
Chapter 16	Additional Observations Regarding Key Factors	275
Part IV	The Feasibility of Community-Based, Individualized Intervention
Chapter 17	Social Agency and Parent Organization Factors	291
Chapter 18	Staff, Unit Functioning, and Supervisory Factors	305
Chapter 19	Case Processing, Maintenance, and Other Operational Factors	323
Chapter 20	Review and Discussion of Feasibility	353
Volume 2	Issues, Theory, and Perspectives
Part I	Issues and Developments
Chapter 21	Validity of the Research Findings	397
Chapter 22	Further Validity and Related Issues	461
Chapter 23	Selected Individualized Programs	645
Part II	Rationales, Theory, Ethics, and Trends
Chapter 24	Intervention--Its Rationales and the Needs-Centered Approach	697
Chapter 25	Theory, Goals, and Stances toward Intervention	733
Chapter 26	Content Effects, and Conclusions Regarding Rationales for Intervention	777
Chapter 27	Selected Trends and a Habilitation/Developmental Framework	817
Part III	Perspectives on Community-Based, Individualized Intervention
Chapter 28	Benefits and Underlying Beliefs	843
Chapter 29	Differing Perspectives on Offenders	855
Chapter 30	Individualization, Offender Needs, and Related Issues	895
	Appendices
Appendix 1	Details Regarding the Phase 2 Objectives	925
Appendix 2	Initial Staffing Guide	926
Appendix 3	Parole Agreement Used throughout CYA during Phases 1 and 2	927
Appendix 4	Sacramento Community Center Floor Plan	928
Appendix 5	Background Characteristics of Youths	929
Appendix 6	Details Concerning I-Level Theory and Personality Types	936
Appendix 7	Rare Types of Youths	944
Appendix 8	Number of Contacts per Month between Agent and Youth during First Year on Parole	952
Appendix 9	Criteria for Favorable and Unfavorable Discharge, Used throughout the Youth Authority during Phases 1 and 2	953
Appendix 10	Community Treatment Project Severity-of-Offense Scale	955
Appendix 11	Comparisons on Background Characteristics of Experimental and Control Valley Males in Phase 1 and 2 Parole and Post-Discharge Follow-ups	958
Appendix 12	Comparisons between Regular Controls and Directly Paroled Controls on Selected Background Variables	962
Appendix 13	Performance of Valley Males in Areas of School and Paid Employment	963
Appendix 14	Monthly Rate of Offending for Favorable Dischargees	966
Appendix 15	Method for Computing the Number of Arrests per 100 Youths during a Nine-Year Follow-Up	969
Appendix 16	Rate of Arrest during Each of 11 Years Prior to Youth Authority Commitment, for Valley Boys	974
Appendix 17	Rate of Arrest for Moderate Plus Severe Offenses during Each of 11 Years Prior to Youth Authority Commitment, for Valley Boys--by Age	976
Appendix 18	Number of Offenses per 1,000 Months at Risk during Three-Year Precommitment and Three-Year Postcommitment (Parole) Periods, for Valley Males--by Age	978
Appendix 19	Number and Severity of Prior Arrests among Valley Boys--by Age	980
Appendix 20	Computation of Youth Authority Career Costs	982
Appendix 21	Computation of Post-Discharge Costs for Other Correctional and Law Enforcement Experiences, Separate for Experimentals and Controls	988
Appendix 22	Developments and Issues in Matching during Early Years of CTP	990
Appendix 23	Selected Questions Used with Candidates for CTP	993
Appendix 24	Factors Contributing to "Branching Out" by Workers	995
Appendix 25	Number of Contacts between Matched Agents, Unmatched Agents, and Two Groups of Conflicted and Power-Oriented Youths throughout Youth Authority Career	999
Appendix 26	Rate of Offending during Parole for Specified Youth Types	1001
Appendix 27	Rate of Offending during Post-Discharge and during Parole Plus Post-Discharge Periods, for Specified Youth Types	1006
Appendix 28	Five Groups of Status 1 Youths	1009
Appendix 29	Comparisons on Background Characteristics of Selected Youth Groupings, for Phase 3 Males in Parole Follow-Up Analysis	1012
Appendix 30	Number of Arrests per 1,000 Months at Risk during a Four-Year Post-Discharge Follow-Up, for Phase 3 Males	1014
Appendix 31	Approaches Used to Identify CTP's Key Factors	1015
Appendix 32	I-Level Diagnosis and Ethnicity Issues	1021
Appendix 33	Basic Features of Classification for Treatment: An Overview	1036
Appendix 34	Offense-Centered Justice, Differential Sentencing/Assignment, and Strategy 2	1041
Appendix 35	Relationships between Classification Systems and Intervention-Centered Factors	1044
Appendix 36	Issues Relating to Privately Operated CTP Programs	1046
Appendix 37	Factors Responsible for Discrepancies between Suspension Documents and Rapsheets	1051
Appendix 38	Factors and Weights Used in Computation of Base Expectancy Scores	1055
Appendix 39	Paroled-Out-of-Area Youths and Non-Interviewed Controls	1057
Appendix 40	Information Bases for Descriptions and Concepts Relating to Precommitment Years and to Selected Developments among Nonoffenders	1062
Appendix 41	Technical Details Concerning Three-Level Series, and Predictability of Illegal Behavior	1066
Appendix 42	The A/R Cycle, Long-Standing Difficulties, and Motivation	1071
Appendix 43	Skill Deficits and Experiential versus Genetic Factors	1083
Appendix 44	Factors Bearing on the Crystallization of the Illegal-Behavior Pattern	1086
Appendix 45	Structural Factors and Their Relationship to Emotional/Dynamic Factors	1096
Appendix 46	Common Contributors to Recidivism in Selected Types of Offenders	1102
Appendix 47	Elements Used in Seven Programs that Focused on Various Targets	1110
Appendix 48	General Guidelines and Specific Information in Intervention Planning	1112
Appendix 49	Further Discussion and Notes to Chapter 22	1118
	Bibliography	1133