When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice Book

	Preface
Pt. 1	Introduction
1	The Age of Apology	3
Pt. 2	Nazi Persecution
2	A Reparations Success Story?	17
3	The German Third Reich and Its Victims: Nazi Ideology	23
4	Memories of My Childhood in the Holocaust	33
5	The Human "Guinea Pigs" of Ravensbruck	43
6	Stranger in Exile	47
7	Putative National Security Defense: Extracts from the Testimony of Nazi SS Group Leader Otto Ohlendorf	51
8	German Compensation for National Socialist Crimes	61
9	Romani Victims of the Holocaust and Swiss Complicity	68
10	German Reparations: Institutionalized Insufficiency	77
Pt. 3	Comfort Women
11	What Form Redress?	87
12	The Jugun Ianfu System	95
13	Comfort Women Narratives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women	101
14	The Nanking Massacre	104
15	Japan's Official Responses to Nanking	109
16	The Comfort Women Redress Movement	113
17	Japan's Official Responses to Reparations	126
18	Japan's Settlement of the Post-World War II Reparations and Claims	135
19	Reparations: A Legal Analysis	141
20	Lipinski Resolution	149
Pt. 4	Japanese Americans
21	Japanese American Redress and the American Political Process: A Unique Achievement?	157
22	The Internment of Americans of Japanese Ancestry	165
23	Executive Order 9066: Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas	169
24	Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians	171
25	Japanese American Narratives	177
26	Relocation, Redress, and the Report: A Historical Appraisal	183
27	Redress Achieved, 1983-1990	189
28	Institutions and Interest Groups: Understanding the Passage of the Japanese American Redress Bill	190
29	Proclamation 4417: Confirming the Termination of the Executive Order Authorizing Japanese-American Internment	201
30	Response to Criticisms of Monetary Redress	203
31	Testimony of Representative Norman Y. Mineta	205
32	German Americans, Italian Americans, and the Constitutionality of Reparations: Jacobs v. Barr	206
33	The Case of the Japanese Peruvians	217
34	Letters from John J. McCloy and Karl R. Bendetsen	222
Pt. 5	Native Americans
35	Wild Redress?	233
36	Native American Reparations: Five Hundred Years and Counting	241
37	The Killing of Big Snake, a Ponca Chief, October 31, 1879	251
38	The Massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, December 29, 1890	252
39	How the Indians Are Victimized by Government Agents and Soldiers	254
40	Forced Removal of the Winnebago Indians, Nebraska, October 3, 1865	257
41	Indian Claims for Reparations, Compensation, and Restitution in the United States Legal System	261
42	The True Nature of Congress's Power over Indian Claims: An Essay on Venetie and the Uses of Silence in Federal Indian Law	273
43	Repatriation Must Heal Old Wounds	283
44	Office of the Governor, Pete Wilson, State of California, Press Release	291
45	Statement of the Honorable Anthony R. Pico, Chairman, Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, Press Conference	294
46	The Distribution of Wealth, Sovereignty, and Culture through Indian Gaming	298
Pt. 6	Slavery
47	Not Even an Apology?	309
48	The Legal Status of African Americans during the Colonial Period	317
49	African Americans under the Antebellum Constitution	325
50	Slave Narratives	327
51	Remembering Slavery	333
52	Life as a Free Black	336
53	The Growing Movement for Reparations	341
54	Why the North and South Should Have Apologized	347
55	Defense of Congressional Resolution Apologizing for Slavery	350
56	Clinton Opposes Slavery Apology	352
57	Ask Camille: Camille Paglia's Online Advice for the Culturally Disgruntled	353
58	The Atlantic Slave Trade: On Both Sides, Reason for Remorse	355
59	They Didn't March to Free the Slaves	358
60	Lincoln Apologizes	360
61	Special Field Order No. 15: "Forty Acres and a Mule"	365
62	The Commission to Study Reparations Proposals	367
63	Clinton and Conservatives Oppose Slavery Reparations	370
64	Collective Rehabilitation	372
65	The Constitutionality of Black Reparations	374
Pt. 7	Jim Crow
66	Redress for Racism?	395
67	The Triumph of White Supremacy	404
68	Jim Crow Narratives	407
69	The United States Has Already Apologized for Racial Discrimination	413
70	The Long-Overdue Reparations for African Americans: Necessary for Societal Survival?	417
71	Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans	422
72	Repatriation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim-Crowism	427
73	Rosewood	435
Pt. 8	South Africa
74	What Price Reconciliation?	443
75	African National Congress Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission	451
76	Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Testimony of Jeffrey T. Benzien	457
77	Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Affidavit and Testimony of Bassie Mkhumbuzi	461
78	Alternatives and Adjuncts to Criminal Prosecutions	469
79	Summary of Anti-Amnesty Case: Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) and Others v. The President of the Republic of South Africa	477
80	Justice after Apartheid? Reflections on the South African TRC	479
81	Will the Amnesty Process Foster Reconciliation among South Africans?	487
82	Healing Racial Wounds? The Final Report of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission	492
83	Introductory Notes to the Presentation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Proposed Reparation and Rehabilitation Policies	501
84	Truth and Reconciliation Commission Hearing, Testimony of Former President F. W. de Klerk	505
85	Affirmative Action as Reparation for Past Employment Discrimination in South Africa: Imperfect and Complex	506
App	Selected List of Other Human Injustices	511
	Contributors	515
	Permissions	521
	Index	523
	About the Editor	536