Eastern Phoenix Book

	Preface and Acknowledgments
	Introduction	1
1	The End of the Pacific War	9
	The Arrival of Occupation Forces	11
	The War Crimes Trials	15
	SCAP Reforms	21
	Economic Reforms	24
	Land Reforms	27
	Labor Reforms	28
	Educational Reforms	29
	A New Constitution	30
	Social Reforms	33
	The Japanese Government During Occupation, 1945-1952	34
	The Peace Treaty	37
2	Political Developments After Independence	41
	The Yoshida Years	41
	The Post-Yoshida Years	44
	Kishi as Prime Minister	46
	The Sato Government	49
	The Tanaka Government	50
	Post-Tanaka Musical Chairs	52
	Nakasone and His Successors	55
	The Emergence of Splinter-Party Governments	59
	The Socialist Parties	60
	The Communist Party	62
	Other Minor Parties	66
	Analysis of LDP Dominance	66
	The Bureaucracy	68
3	Foreign Relations	73
	The United States	73
	The Soviet Union	84
	China	85
	The Republic of Korea	88
	Southeast Asia	91
	Australia	94
	The Middle East	94
	Europe	94
4	Economic Developments	97
	Stabilizing the Postwar Economy	97
	The Managed Economy	99
	Japan's Growth Spurt	102
	Explaining Japan's Economic Growth	107
	The Labor Movement	116
	Agriculture	121
	The Early 1990s: Recession	123
5	Social Conditions	125
	Population	126
	General Conditions	127
	Cost of Living	129
	Housing	130
	Environmental Problems	132
	Welfare Programs	133
	Health and Medicine	134
	Social Problems	136
	Social Unrest and Crime	137
	The Yakuza	137
	Social Discrimination	140
	Koreans in Japan	142
	The Ainu	144
	Recent Immigrants	144
	The Burakumin	146
	The Urban Poor	148
	The Status of Women	150
6	Education	157
	Postwar Developments	157
	The Nature and Quality of Japanese Education	160
	Discipline in the Schools	166
	College Years	167
	Student Activism of the 1950s and 1960s	168
7	Intellectual and Cultural Developments	173
	American Influence	174
	Survival of the Traditional Outlook	177
	Religion	181
	Cultural Developments	184
	The Print Media	184
	Literature	185
	Cinema	195
	Art and Architecture	198
	Popular Culture	200
8	From Showa to Heisei	203
	A Revival of Nationalism?	203
	The End of the Showa Reign	207
	Appendix: Prime Minsiters Since 1945	215
	Notes	217
	Bibliography	233
	About the Book and Author	247
	Index	249