Nature and Art: Dutch Garden and Landscape Architecture, 1650-1740 Book

	Introduction
Pt. I	For Profit and Ornament: Garden Art in the Netherlands in the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries
1	Country Life as an Ideal	3
	Jan van de Groen and His Treatise	3
	Ideal Country Life	4
	The Authority of Garden Poets	4
	Biblical and Classical Examples	7
	The History of Garden Art	9
	The Art of Peace	10
	Italian Origins	11
	French Landscape Architecture	15
	Gardens and Country Life in the Netherlands	17
2	Concepts of Nature and Art	18
	Structure and the Land	18
	Classicism as a Style and as Fashion	21
	Nature as Object of Study and Collection	25
	Nature and Allegory	31
	The Dilettante	34
Pt. II	Dutch Hesperides
3	The Garden of Venus and Hercules: Het Loo as Political Propaganda for Stadholder-King William III	41
	Historical Background	41
	Source Material	45
	A Political Career	45
	Propaganda	46
	The Construction of the Garden	46
	The Need for an Iconographic Program	47
	Designers	48
	De Hooghe and Bentinck	48
	William III and Bentinck	52
	The Garden	53
	Venus	53
	Garden of Love	54
	Microcosm	55
	Royal Virtues	56
	Hercules	59
	William III and Louis XIV	65
	"Theatrum Politicum"	66
4	Dutch Arcadia: Diderick van Velthuysen and the Garden of Heemstede as a Classical Landscape	67
	The Patron and His Estate	67
	Heemstede	67
	Diderick van Velthuysen	69
	The Estate in 1680	70
	Dating the Evolution of Heemstede	70
	The Poems and Prints as Source Material	75
	Isaac de Moucheron's Representation of the Garden	75
	Lukas Rotgans and Heemstede in Poetry	76
	The Garden	77
	The Main Axis	77
	From the Star-Shaped Wood to the Game Park	82
	The Woods and the Hunt	83
	A Classical Landscape	85
	The Kitchen Garden and Orangery	86
	The Pleasure Garden	92
	The Garden as a "Theater"	96
5	Nature and Virtue: Zijdebalen and David van Mollem	98
	Country Estates Along the Vecht River and Their Owners	98
	David van Mollem	102
	A Portrait	103
	A Mennonite Patron	107
	Zijdebalen: "An Eden of Our Time"	108
	Mennonites and Nature	108
	The Dilettante	111
	A Tour Through the Garden	114
	The Miraculous Theater of Nature	116
	"A David of Our Time"	118
6	Hortus Sanitatis: The Hortus Botanicus and the Hortus Medicus as Scientific Gardens	122
	A Garden in the City: For Instruction and Entertainment	122
	Trees on the Street	122
	Greenery as an "Ornament"	123
	Health and Entertainment	124
	Gardens in the City	125
	Mazes as an Urban Attraction	126
	The Hortus of Leiden	129
	The Muses	132
	The Garden as a Musaeum	135
	A Hortus Botanicus	135
	A Gallery in Front of the Garden	136
	The Gallery as Museum	136
	The Contents of the Gallery	138
	Beauty in Nature	140
	Collecting	140
	The Hortus Medicus in Haarlem	142
	A Collegium Medicum	142
	A Hortus Medicus	142
	Romeyn de Hooghe	145
	The Decorative Program	146
	A Garden of Scholars	146
	The Garden as a Book	147
App	Inventories of the Hortus of Leiden	150
	Afterword	157
	List of Abbreviations	159
	Notes	161
	Bibliography	213
	Sources for Illustrations	226
	Index	227
	Acknowledgments	229