General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Book

NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Key Terms, Important Equations, Additional Problems, Challenge Problems, Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems, and Looking Ahead.

Chapter 1:  Chemistry:  It’s All About “Stuff”
1.1    “Stuff” is Matter
1.2    Gas Behavior — An Introduction to the Behavior of Matter
1.3    Classifying Matter : Mixture or Pure Substance
1.4    Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table
1.5    How Matter Changes

Chapter 2:  Atoms, Radioactivity, and Ions
2.1    The Atom and Subatomic Particles
2.2    Atomic Number and Mass Number
2.3    Isotopes and Atomic Mass
2.4    Measuring Atoms: The Mole
2.5    Electron Arrangements
2.6    Radioactivity and Radioisotopes
2.7    Nuclear Equations and Radioactive Decay
2.8    Radiation Units and Half-Lives
2.9    Medical Applications for Radioisotopes

Chapter 3:  Compounds: Putting Particles Together
3.1    The Octet Rule
3.2    In Search of an Octet Part 1: Ion Formation
3.3    Ionic Compounds — Give and Take
3.4    In Search of an Octet Part 2: Covalent Bonding
3.5    Getting Covalent Compounds into Shape
3.6    Electronegativity and Molecular Polarity

Chapter 4:  Introduction to Organic Compounds
4.1    Alkanes— The Simplest Organic Compounds
4.2    Representing the Structures of Organic Compounds
4.3    Fatty Acids – Biological Hydrocarbons
4.4    Families of Organic Compounds — Functional Groups
4.5    Isomerism in Organic Compounds, Part 1
4.6    Isomerism in Organic Compounds, Part 2

Chapter 5:   Carbohydrates:  Life’s Sweet Molecules
5.1 Carbohydrates
5.2 Monosaccharide Structure
5.3 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
5.4 Ring Formation — The Truth about Monosaccharide Structure
5.5 Disaccharides
5.6 Polysaccharides
5.7 Carbohydrates and Blood

Chapter 6: Intermolecular Forces: State Changes, Solubility, and Cell Membranes
6.1 Types of Intermolecular Forces
6.2 Intermolecular Forces and Solubility
6.3  Intermolecular Forces and Changes of State
6.4  Fats, Oils, and Margarine — Solid to Liquid and Back Again
6.5  Intermolecular Forces and the Cell Membrane

Chapter 7: Solution Chemistry:  How Sweet is Your Tea?
7.1 Solutions are Mixtures
7.2 Formation of Solutions
7.3 Chemical Equations for Solution Formation — Electrolytes
7.4 Concentration
7.5 Dilution
7.6 Osmosis and Diffusion
7.7 Transport Across Cell Membranes

Chapter 8:  Acids, Bases, and the Building Blocks of Life
8.1 Acids and Bases — Definitions
8.2 Strong Acids and Bases
8.3 Chemical Equilibrium
8.4 Weak Acids and Bases
8.5 pH and the pH scale
8.6 pKa 
8.7 Amino Acids:  Common Biological Weak Acids
8.8 Buffers:  An Important Property of Weak Acids and Bases

Chapter 9:  Proteins — Amides at Work
9.1 Amino Acids — A second look
9.2 Protein Formation
9.3 Protein Structure
9.4  Protein Denaturation
9.5  Sample Proteins  

Chapter 10:  Enzymes — Nature’s Chemists
10.1 Enzymes and Their Substrates
10.2 Enzyme Activity
10.3 Reaction Energetics and Thermodynamics
10.4  Reaction Energy Diagrams
10.5   Activation Energy (Ea)

Chapter 11:  Nucleic Acids — Big Molecules with a Big Role
11.1 Components of Nucleic Acids
11.2 Nucleic Acid Formation
11.3  DNA
11.4  RNA and Protein Synthesis
11.5   Putting It Together:  The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
11.6   Genetic Mutations
11.7 Viruses
11.8 Recombinant DNA Technology

Chapter 12:  Food As Fuel — A Metabolic Overview
12.1  Overview of Metabolism
12.2  Metabolically Relevant Nucleotides
12.3  Digestion — From Fuel Molecules to Building Blocks
12.4  Glycolysis — From Building Blocks to Common Metabolites
12.5  The Citric Acid Cycle — Central Processing
12.6  Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
12.7  ATP Production
12.8  Other Fuel Choices