Three Way Scaling: A Guide to Multidimensional Scaling and Clustering, Vol. 65 Book

	Series Editor's Introduction	5
	Acknowledgments	6
1.	Introduction	7
	Terminology	8
2.	Illustrative Application of INDSCAL	12
	Design of Rosenberg and Kim's (1975) Experiment	12
	The Data	13
	Interpretation of the Results	14
3.	The INDSCAL Model	17
	Inherently Unique Orientation of an INDSCAL Object Space	21
	Noteworthy Patterns of Source Weights	24
	A Second Example: The Miller and Nicely (1955) Data	25
	Interpretation of Miller-Nicely Object Space	27
	Interpretation of Miller-Nicely Source Space	29
	The Role of Source Weights in Presenting an INDSCAL Analysis	32
4.	Decisions to Be Made in Running SINDSCAL Analyses	33
	Matrix (Un)conditionality	33
	Dimensionality and Required Amounts of Data	35
	Number of Iterations	37
	Initial (or "Starting") Configuration	39
	Constrained Solutions	40
	Variance Accounted For (VAF)	40
	Additional Points Concerning SINDSCAL's Output	42
	Diagnostics	43
5.	Other Three-Way MDS Spatial Representations	44
	The IDIOSCAL Model and Some Special Cases	44
	PARAFAC-1	45
	MULTISCALE	46
	ALSCAL	48
	TUCKALS3	50
6.	Three-Way ("Individual Differences") Clustering	53
	Choosing a Method of Clustering	54
	The (Two-Way) ADCLUS Model for Overlapping, Nonhierarchical Clustering	55
	INDCLUS: A Clustering Counterpart to INDSCAL	57
	Fitting the INDCLUS Model	59
	Example: Rosenberg and Kim's (1975) Data	61
	Future Prospects	64
7	Software for Three-Way MDS	64
Appendix A	Control Parameters for a SINDSCAL Analysis of Miller-Nicely Data	66
	Setting Up Control Cards for SINDSCAL	68
	Optional Configuration for Objects' Coordinates	70
Appendix B	The Carroll-Chang-Pruzansky Approach to Fitting the INDSCAL Model	71
	Converting the Proximities to Estimated Distances	71
	Conversion of Estimated Distances to Estimated Scalar Products	72
	The INDSCAL Model in Scalar Product Form	75
	An Algorithm for Fitting the CANDECOMP Model in the Three-Way Case	76
	Direct Scalar Products Data (Called "Correlations or Covariances") in SINDSCAL	77
Appendix C	The Multiscale II Procedure for Fitting the INDSCAL Model	78
Appendix D	The ALSCAL Procedure for Fitting the INDSCAL Model	80
	Initialization Phase	81
	Optimal Scaling Phase	81
	Termination Phase	83
	Model Estimation Phase	83
	Estimate W	83
	Estimation Procedure for X	83
	References	84
	About the Authors	90