Enoch and Qumran Origins: New Light on a Forgotten Connection Book

	Introduction : from the Enoch literature to Enochic Judaism	1
	Enoch's dream visions and the visions of Daniel reexamined	17
	The sociological context of the dream visions of Daniel and 1 Enoch	23
	Dream visions and apocalyptic milieus	27
	The animal apocalypse and Daniel	35
	The covenantal theology of the apocalyptic book of Daniel	39
	Comparing the groups behind dream visions and Daniel : a brief note	45
	The "one like a son of man" (Dan 7:13) and the royal ideology	47
	"One like a son of man" : innuendoes of a heavenly individual	54
	Response : the apocalyptic worldview of Daniel	59
	Jubilees - read as a narrative	75
	The LXX and Enoch : influence and interpretation in early Jewish literature	84
	A literary dependency of Jubilees on 1 Enoch?	90
	"Revealed literature" in the second century B.C.E. : Jubilees, 1 Enoch, Qumran, and the prehistory of the biblical canon	94
	Jubilees and 1 Enoch and the issue of transmission of knowledge	99
	4Q390, the 490-year prophecy, and the calendrical history of the second temple period	102
	Synchronizing worship : Jubilees as a tradition for the Qumran community	111
	"The days of Sukkot of the month of Kislev" : the festival of dedication and the delay of feasts in 1QS 1:13-15	119
	Jubilees and sectarianism	129
	Denouncement speech in Jubilees and other Enochic literature	132
	The historical-cultural background of the book of Jubilees	137
	Enoch and Jubilees	141
	Apocalypticism and the religion and ritual of the "pre-Sinaitic" narratives	148
	3 Enoch and the Enoch tradition	152
	Response : Jubilees and Enoch	162
	History as a battlefield of two antagonistic powers in the apocalypse of weeks and in the rule of the community	185
	Reflection on ideology and date of the apocalypse of weeks	200
	The Enochic circles, the Hasidim, and the Qumran community	204
	The apocalypse of weeks and the architecture of the end time	207
	The plant metaphor in its inner-Enochic and early Jewish context	210
	The apocalypse of weeks and the epistle of Enoch	213
	Evaluating the discussions concerning the original order of chapters 91-93 and codicological data pertaining to 4Q212 and Chester Beatty XII Enoch	220
	The Greek fragments of Enoch from Qumran cave 7	224
	Response : context, text, and social setting of the apocalypse of weeks	234
	The Groningen hypothesis : strengths and weaknesses	249
	Reflections on the Groningen hypothesis	256
	Sealing some cracks in the Groningen foundation	263
	The Yahad is more than Qumran	273
	Digging among the roots of the Groningen hypothesis	280
	One "methodological assumption" of the Groningen hypothesis of Qumran origins	286
	The translation of NDMW and its significance for the Groningen hypothesis	291
	Comments concerning the "Qumran-Essenes" hypothesis	294
	The Essenes and Qumran, the teacher and the wicked priest, the origins	298
	Qumran : the headquarters of the Essenes or a marginal splinter group?	303
	Response : the Groningen hypothesis revisited	310
	Theodicy and the problem of the "intimate enemy"	329
	Interrogating "Enochic Judaism" : 1 Enoch as evidence for intellectual history, social realities, and literary tradition	336
	Enoch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Essenes : groups and movements in Judaism in the early second century B.C.E.	345
	From "communities of texts" to religious communities : problems and pitfalls	351
	Enochians, Essenes and Qumran Essenes	356
	Beyond Beyond the Essene hypothesis : some observations on the Qumran Zadokite priesthood	360
	Some archaeological, sociological, and cross-cultural afterthoughts on the "Groningen" and the "Enochic-Essene" hypotheses	366
	Complicating the notion of an "Enochic Judaism"	373
	Enoch, Moses, and the Essenes	384
	Too far beyond the Essene hypothesis?	388
	Some remarks on the parting of the ways	394
	History of the earliest Enochic texts	401
	Different Bibles for different groups?	408
	Essenes, Qumran, and Christian origins	414
	Response : texts, intellectual movements, and social groups	417
	Summary and conclusions : the books of Enoch or 1 Enoch matters : new paradigms for understanding pre-70 Judaism	436