The Two Horizons : New Testament Hermeneutics and Philosophical Description Book

	Foreword	xi
	Acknowledgments	xiii
	Abbreviations	xv
	Introduction	xix
Part 1	Introductory Questions
I.	The Nature and Scope of the Subject	3
1.	Why Philosophical Description?	3
	Philosophy and the hermeneutical task
	Philosophy and the New Testament
2.	The Underlying Problem of Hermeneutics: The Two Horizons	10
	The two-sided nature of the problem
	A New Testament example
3.	Some Issues Which Arise from the Hermeneutical Problem	17
	The New Testament and pre-understanding
II.	Further Introductory Questions: Heidegger, Bultmann, Gadamer, and Wittgenstein	24
4.	Heidegger, Bultmann, Gadamer, and Wittgenstein: Three General Points	24
	Their importance
	Description and interpretation
	Tradition
5.	The Relation of Wittgenstein to Heidegger, Gadamer, and Bultmann	33
	Secondary literature
	Language-game, horizon, and world
6.	Heidegger, Bultmann, Gadamer, Wittgenstein, and the New Testament	40
	The earlier and later Heidegger, Gadamer, and the Fourth Gospel
Part 2	Broader Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics
III.	Hermeneutics and History: the Issue of Historical Distance	51
7.	The Pastness of the Past	53
	Nineham's historical relativism
	Criticisms of this position
8.	The Emergence of Historical Consciousness	63
	Lessing, Herder, Hegel, and Ranke
9.	Historical Method in Ernst Troeltsch	69
	History versus theology
	Troeltsch's positivism
10.	History and Hermeneutics in Wolfhart Pannenberg	74
	His critique of Troeltsch and rejection of dualism
IV.	Hermeneutics and Theology: The Legitimacy and Necessity of Hermeneutics	85
11.	The Word of God and the Holy Spirit	85
	The Spirit's work not independent of human understanding
12.	Faith, "Timeless Truth," Time, and the Word	92
	Replies to three further objections to hermeneutics
13.	Understanding and Pre-understanding: Schleiermacher	103
	The hermeneutical circle; Schleiermacher's earlier and later thought
14.	Pre-understanding and Theology	107
	Bultmann, Latin American hermeneutics, Ricoeur, and Freud
V.	Hermeneutics and Language	115
15.	The Restricted Hermeneutical Role of Linguistic and Semantic Investigations: Distance, Fusion, and Reference	117
	Linguistics and hermeneutics in Ricoeur
	Frei and Petersen
16.	Respecting the Particularity of the Text; Word and Context; Hermeneutics as Translation	124
	Saussure; field semantics; Kelsey and Nida on translation
17.	The Relation between Thought and Language and Its Bearing on Pre-understanding in Hermeneutics	133
	Whorf, Saussure, and Wittgenstein
Part 3	Heidegger, Bultmann, Gadamer, and Wittgenstein
VI.	Heidegger's "Being and Time": Dasein, Worldhood, and Understanding	143
18.	The Question of Being from the Standpoint of Dasein	143
	Is the question of Being meaningful? Dasein as a technical term
19.	Dasein, Hermeneutics, and Existenz	149
	Hermeneutics and horizon; presence-at-hand
20.	World and Worldhood	154
	The ready-to-hand and equipment
	Relation to sciences
21.	State-of-mind, Understanding, and Discourse	161
	Double meaning of Befindlichkeit
	Fore-conception and language
VII.	Further Themes in Heidegger's Earlier Thought	169
22.	The Falling of Dasein: Dasein's Being as Care; Reality and Truth	169
	Inauthentic existence
	Truth as "letting be" what is
23.	Being-towards-Death and Authentic Existence	176
	An existential phenomenon
	Comparison with Bultmann
24.	Time, Temporality, and History	181
	Dasein's temporality and historicity as the basis for time and history
25.	Two General Comments on "Being and Time" and Its Relevance to Hermeneutics	187
	"World" and the subject-object relation
	Role of cognitive thought
26.	Further Comments on Heidegger's Thought	194
	Hermeneutical circle; feeling-states; hermeneutics of the "I am"
VIII.	The Ingredients of Bultmann's Hermeneutical Concerns Prior to Heidegger's Philosophy	205
27.	Bultmann's Relation to Liberal Theology and to Neo-Kantian Philosophy: Modern Man and Objectifying Thinking	205
	Herrmann, Cohen, and Natorp
	Science and objectification
28.	Bultmann's Fusion of Neo-Kantian Epistemology with Nineteenth-Century Lutheranism: Objectification in Accordance with Law	212
	Faith no objective basis in dogma
	First hints of dualism
29.	Bultmann's Indebtedness to the History of Religions School and to Current Biblical Scholarship: Kerygma and Myth	218
	Strangeness of the New Testament
	Weiss, Wrede, Schweitzer, Schmidt
30.	Bultmann's Indebtedness to Dialectical Theology: The Final Setting of the Terms of the Hermeneutical Problem	223
	Barth and Gogarten
	Talk from God, not about God
IX.	Further Philosophical Ingredients in Bultmann's Hermeneutics	227
31.	Differing Roles of Heidegger's Philosophy in Relation to Bultmann's Hermeneutics	227
	Three ways of construing the role of Heidegger's thought
32.	Bultmann's Hermeneutics and the Philosophy of Wilhelm Dilthey	234
	"Life" and pre-understanding in Dilthey
	Legacy of Yorck
33.	Bultmann's Appeal to Collingwood's Philosophy of History	240
	Affinities with Collingwood not to be exaggerated
34.	The Emergence of a Dualist Trend in Bultmann's View of History	245
	History versus nature
	Ott, Young, and Pannenberg
X.	Bultmann's Hermeneutics and the New Testament	252
35.	Bultmann's View of Myth	252
	Three different definitions and responses to the problem
36.	Bultmann's Proposals for the Interpretation of Myth	258
	Misunderstandings of Bultmann's aim
	Problem of the New Testament itself
37.	Specific Examples of Re-interpretation in the New Testament: A Critique of Bultmann's Claims about Eschatology and Christology	263
	Three principles
	Objectification and contradiction
	Difficulties
38.	Further Examples: A Critique of Bultmann's Claims about the Cross and Resurrection	269
	Application of the three principles and its difficulty
39.	The Use of Heidegger's Conceptuality in New Testament Theology: Paul's View of Man	275
	Existential interpretation of sarx and soma
	Criticism of Gundry
40.	Some Concluding Comments	283
	Complexity of Bultmann's position
	Genuine criticisms as against others
XI.	Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics And Its Implications For New Testament Interpretation	293
41.	The Relevance to Hermeneutics of Questions about Truth and Art	293
	Limits of "method."
	History of philosophy; art and the game
42.	Gadamer's Critique of Hermeneutics from Schleiermacher to Heidegger	300
	Criticism of Ranke, Droysen, and Dilthey
	Advance of Husserl, Yorck, and Heidegger
43.	The Task of Hermeneutics in the Light of Tradition and of Man's Historical Finitude	304
	Pre-judgment not merely negative
	Distance and the fusion of horizons
44.	Hermeneutics and Language in Gadamer	310
	Language and thought
	Question and answer
	Assertions
45.	Some Implications of Gadamer's Work: The Relation between Exegesis and Theology as the Problem of Fusion and Distance	314
	Tradition and systematic theology
	The Reformation and Stendahl's criticism
46.	Further Considerations of the Issue: Exegesis and Theology with Special Reference to Diem, Ott, and Stuhlmacher	319
	Wrede, Schlatter, Rahner, Schlier
	Barth, Diem, Ott, Stuhlmacher
XII.	The Later Heidegger, Gadamer, And The New Hermeneutic	327
47.	The Malaise of Language and Thinking in the Western Language Tradition	330
	The legacy of Plato
	Reality and concepts
	Crisis of language
48.	Language-Event and a New Coming to Speech	335
	Being and thought; "gathering" and art; language as the house of Being
49.	Further Considerations about the Hermeneutics of Fuchs and Ebeling	342
	Einverstandnis and the parables of Jesus
50.	Related Approaches to the Hermeneutics of the Parables: Funk, Via, and Crossan	347
	Affinities between Fuchs and Funk
	Via and the existential
51.	Further Assessments of the New Hermeneutic	352
	Positive contribution, but also serious one-sidedness
XIII.	Philosophy And Language In Ludwig Wittgenstein	357
52.	The Contrast between Wittgenstein's Earlier and Later Writings and Its Significance for Hermeneutics	357
	Apel, and Janik and Toulmin
	Abstract logic versus language-games
53.	The Earlier Writings: Propositions, the Picture Theory, and the Limits of Language	362
	The nature of propositions
	Logical determinacy
	Saying and showing
54.	Hermeneutics and the Later Writings: Language-Games and Life	370
	The particular case
	Surroundings, training, application
55.	The Hermeneutical Significance of the Argument about Private Language and Public Criteria of Meaning	379
	Public tradition versus "my own case."
	Wittgenstein and Bultmann
XIV.	Wittgenstein, "Grammar," And The New Testament	386
56.	Grammar, Insight, and Understanding: Examples of a First Class of Grammatical Utterances	386
	Eight examples in the New Testament
57.	A Second Class of Grammatical Utterance and the Respective Life-Settings of the Two Classes	392
	Wittgenstein's On Certainty
	New Testament and classical literature
58.	Class-Three Grammatical Utterances: Linguistic Recommendations, Pictures, and Paradigms	401
	Examples of the issue in the New Testament
59.	Language-Games, "the Particular Case," and Polymorphous Concepts	407
	Examples from Wittgenstein
	"Faith," "flesh," and "truth" in the New Testament
60.	Language-Games and "Seeing-as": A Fresh Approach to Some Persistent Problems about Justification by Faith in Paul	415
	Five persistent problems
	Verdicts within different systems
61.	Grammatical Relations and Dispositions: Faith in Paul and in James	422
	Difference of logical grammar
	Dispositional accounts of faith
Additional Note A	Wittgenstein and Structuralism	428
Additional Note B	Wittgenstein and the Debate about Biblical Authority	432
XV.	Conclusions	439
	Bibliography	464
	Index of Subjects	467
	Index of Names	475
	Index of Biblical References	482
	Index of Ancient Non-biblical References	484