Nuclear And Radiation Chemical Approaches To Fullerene Science Book

	Preface	ix
	Editorial Introduction	xi
	The Editor	xiii
	Contributors	xv
Part I.	The Structure of Fullerenes in Solid State
Chapter 1.	Positron Annihilation in Fullerenes
1.1.	Introduction	3
1.2.	Positron Lifetime in Solid C[subscript 60]	4
1.3.	Structural Transition in Solid C[subscript 60]	5
1.4.	Results in Solid C[subscript 70]	6
1.5.	Studies at Elevated Temperatures	7
1.6.	Metal--Insulator Transition in RbC[subscript 60]	8
1.7.	Positron Studies on Buckytubes	9
1.8.	Pressure Effects on Fullerenes	11
1.9.	Studies on Fullerenes in Solution	12
	References	13
Chapter 2.	Muon ([mu]SR) Spectroscopy of the Fullerenes
2.1.	Introduction	16
2.2.	Brief Description of the Experiments	18
2.3.	Experimental Results	20
2.4.	Conclusions	28
	References	29
Chapter 3.	Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Fullerene Compounds
3.1.	Introduction	31
3.2.	Mossbauer Spectroscopy	31
3.3.	[superscript 193]Ir-Fullerene Compounds	33
3.4.	[superscript 57]Fe-Fullerene Compounds	41
3.5.	[superscript 151]Eu-Fullerene Compounds	48
3.6.	[superscript 161]Dy-Fullerene Compounds	54
	References	57
Chapter 4.	Radiotracers and Nuclear Decay Phenomena in the Study of Metallofullerenes
4.1.	Introduction	59
4.2.	Preparation of Radioactive Metallofullerenes and Measurements of Radioactivity	60
4.3.	Use of Radioactive Tracers in Fullerene Studies	63
4.4.	Uniqueness of Nuclear Decay Processes Applied to the Study of Fullerenes	72
4.5.	Concluding Remarks	83
	References	83
Part II.	The Structure of Fullerenes In Solution
Chapter 5.	Radiation Chemical Studies of Fullerenes and Derivatives in Solution. Redox Processes, Excited States and Radical Reactions
5.1.	Introduction	87
5.2.	Radiation Chemical Approach	88
5.3.	Redox Processes and Radical Addition Reactions Involving Pristine Fullerenes in Solution	89
5.4.	Fullerenes in Heterogeneous Guest-Host Complexes	95
5.5.	Functionalized Fullerenes	99
5.6.	Concluding Remarks and Outlook	104
	References	105
Part III.	The Composition of Fullerenes: Endohedral Fullerenes
Chapter 6.	Endohedral Rare-Gas Radiofullerenes by Nuclear Recoil
6.1.	Introduction	109
6.2.	Pioneering Research of Braun and Rausch	110
6.3.	Interstitial Rare-Gas Fullerenes and their Relevance to Rare-Gas Endohedral Radiofullerenes	112
6.4.	Neutron Irradiation of Interstitial Rare-Gas Fullerenes	114
6.5.	Evidence for Endohedral Formation from Neutron Irradiation of Interstitial Rare-Gas Fullerenes	116
6.6.	Neutron Activation of Other Materials in the Presence of Fullerenes	124
6.7.	Appreciation of the Nuclear Recoil Mechanism for Endohedral Rare-Gas Radiofullerene Formation	126
6.8.	Conclusions	132
	Appendix	133
	References	135
Chapter 7.	The Study of Endohedral Fullerenes and Heterofullerenes by Nuclear Recoil and MD Simulation
7.1.	Introduction	137
7.2.	Experimental Procedures	138
7.3.	Materials Produced	140
7.4.	Molecular-Dynamics Simulation	150
7.5.	Systematic Trend of Atom-Doped Fullerenes	154
7.6.	Conclusions	155
	References	156
Chapter 8.	Fullerenes Radiolabelled on the Carbon Cage
8.1.	Introduction	158
8.2.	Carbon-11 Labelled Fullerenes	159
8.3.	Carbon-11 Labelled Higher Fullerenes	162
8.4.	Carbon-14 Labelled Fullerenes	165
8.5.	Nitrogen-13 Labelled Fullerenes	167
8.6.	Recoil Labelling of Organic Reagents	169
8.7.	Conclusions	172
	References	173
Chapter 9.	Fullerene Radiopharmaceuticals
9.1.	Radiopharmaceuticals	174
9.2.	Technegas	175
9.3.	Holmium Endohedral Metallofullerenes	176
	References	177
Part IV.	The Composition of Fullerenes: Impurities in Fullerenes
Chapter 10.	Elemental Impurities in and the Effect of Neutron Irradiation on Fullerenes
10.1.	Introduction	181
10.2.	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Trace Element Impurities in Fullerenes	182
10.3.	The Effect of Neutron Irradiation on Fullerenes	195
	References	199
	Keyword index	201