Beyond the Science Wars The Missing Discourse About Science and Society Book

	Preface	ix
1.	Science and Science Studies: Enemies or Allies?	1
	Contextualizing the "Science Wars"	1
	The Constructivist Critique	3
	1994--The Annus Horribilis and After	6
	Why the Constructivist Position Bothers Scientists	7
	Who Has the Right to Criticize Science? A Hidden Issue in the Science Wars	12
	The Meaning of Alan Sokal's Hoax	14
	Who Owns the History of Science? The Aftermath of the Sokal Hoax	18
	The Science Wars Continue: Closing in on Science Studies	21
	Plan of the Book	25
	Bringing the Scientist Back In	28
2.	Antiscience in Current Science and Technology Studies	41
	Recent Developments	42
	Is There Really Antagonism against Science in STS?	42
	The Fact of Antiscientific Sentiment	42
	Antiscientific Sentiment in Perspective	44
	Incomprehension of Science	46
	Hypocrisy: Preaching versus Practice	47
	The Purpose of STS	49
	How Did STS Come into Being?	49
	My Intellectual Dissatisfaction with Current STS	50
	Disciplinary Dilemmas	53
	Under What Circumstances Is STS Likely to Thrive?	54
3.	Some Patterns and Processes in the Development of a Scientific Sociology of Science: Notes from a Sixty-Year Memoir	63
	Writing the History of Social Studies of Science	64
	The Application of General Social System Theory	64
	The Political and Ideological Response	65
	The Influence of Nonsystematic Theories	66
	No Theory at All: The Importance of a Striking Empirical Fact	67
	The Importance of New Research Methods	68
	The Weakness of "The Strong Program"	69
	The Cross-Fertilization of Sociological Specialties	70
	The Cross-Fertilization of Disciplines	71
	The Importance of Values and Ideologies	72
	In Brief Conclusion	72
4.	Anti-Antiscience: A Phenomenon in Search of an Explanation Part I. Anatomy of Recent "Antiscience" Allegations	75
	Taking the Science Warriors Seriously	76
	The Varieties of "Antiscience"	78
	Can Scientists Be Antiscience? The Link between the Science Wars and Recent Nature-Nurture Debates	83
	Karl Popper's Adverse Effect on the British Science Budget: A Thesis in 1980s Britain	87
5.	Anti-Antiscience: A Phenomenon in Search of an Explanation Part II. The Conflict about the Social Role of Science	101
	The Struggle about the Cultural Meaning of Science	101
	"Antiscience" as a Heuristic Device	105
	The Political Meaning of Scientific Objectivity	107
	The Missing Reason in the Science Wars	112
6.	Visions of Science in the Twentieth Century	123
	Changing Views of Science	123
	Science: The Endless Frontier	124
	Science: A Direct Productive Force	125
	The Science of Science	126
	Chemistry: The Land of Opportunity	127
	Science: A Dangerous Power	129
	The End of Big Science	131
	Redefining Science	132
7.	Postacademic Science: Constructing Knowledge with Networks and Norms	135
	Science as a Cultural Form	135
	Academic Science	136
	Elements of the Scientific Ethos	136
	CUDOS Institutionalized	138
	New Modes of Knowledge Production	139
	Networking Intellectual Property	141
	Problem Solving in Local Contexts	142
	Incorporating Interests into Knowledge	143
	Who Sets the Problem?	144
	What Counts as Excellence?	145
	From Specialized Knowledge to Expertise	146
	Where Do the Pipers Collect Their Paychecks?	146
	Postindustrial Science	147
	Postmodern Knowledge	149
	Epistemic Features of Mode 2	150
	What Price Objectivity?	152
8.	A Social Theory of Objectivity	155
	The Many Meanings of Objectivity	155
	Objectivity as Rhetoric	158
	Objectivity as Power	159
	The Standpoint Paradox	161
	Some Empirical Difficulties with the Critical Theory	163
	Objectivity and Social Status	165
	Some Suggestions for a New Objectivity	166
	Objectivity as Medium	169
	The Binding Effects of Objectivity	172
	Trusting	174
	Some Possible Objections	176
	Conclusion	177
9.	Science Studies through the Looking Glass: An Intellectual Itinerary	185
	The Science Wars: A Conflict Waiting to Happen	186
	The Prehistory of the Science Wars	186
	STS's Induction into the "Academic Left" (and My Induction into STS)	191
	The Battle of Britain	197
	The Sokal Hoax	201
	What Should Have Been Done? What Can Be Done?	206
	Contributors	219
	Index	221