The Citizen Factory: Schooling and Cultural Production in Bolivia Book

	Foreword
	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	Introduction
1	Ethnicity and the Construction of Nationhood	1
	From Conquest to Crisis: An Overview of Bolivia's Political Development	1
	The Indigenous Metropolis: Urban Aymaras in La Paz	10
	Popular Culture and "The Language Problem"	12
	Obstacles to the Construction of a Unified and Unifying Bolivian Nationalism	18
	Race and Class in the Nationalist Project	22
	Official History and Popular Humor: Public Tropes of Ethnic and International Conflict	27
	Finding a "We": Defining Lo Boliviano against a Hostile World	35
2	Rural Schooling in Bolivia	41
	Roots of Aymara Education: The Struggle for Land and Literacy	41
	Rural Education in the Twentieth Century: Government Takes up the Reins	47
	Reverence and Resentment: Teachers and Rural Communities	52
	On the Threshold of Reform	55
3	Student Life at the Normal School	65
	"Peor que nada es quedarse ...": Career Choices and the Lack Thereof	65
	Students as Regulated Subjects	76
	Dormitory Life	107
4	Curriculum and Identity	123
	The Reproduction of Ideology in Schools: Socialization as the Interpellation of Student-Subjects	123
	The Citizen in the Nation, the Nation in the World	128
	Proletarian Professionals: The Ambiguous Class Identity of Bolivian Teachers	137
	The Teacher in the Rural Community: Solidarity and Social Distance	141
	Uneasy Positionings on the Field of Race - or, "We Have Met El Hermano Campesino and His Is (not?) Us"	145
	Gender Ideology in the Normal School: Frozen Images and Structured Silences	158
	Conclusion: Rural Education and the Race/Class Intersection	167
5	Commodified Language and Alienated Exchange in the Normal School	171
	Pedagogical Praxis and "School Knowledge"	171
	The Capitalist Mode of Symbolic Production: Schoolwork as Alienated Labor	193
6	Student Resistance to Commodification and Alienation: Silence, Satire, and the Academic Black Market	217
	Resistance in the Classroom	217
	The Linguistic Black Market: Illicit Exchange in the Academic Economy	241
	Student Resistance through Expressive Practices	263
7	An Alternative Vision: Notes toward a Transformative Bolivian Pedagogy	293
	Dia del Indio, Los Pozos (August 1, 1993)	293
	Socialization and the Multiple Subject	295
	Political Practice and Popular Culture	298
	Rehabilitating Marx: Hegemonic Subject Positions as Alienated Use Values	301
	Building a Democratic Pedagogy	305
	Schooling as Cultural Critique	311
	Directions for Future Research	314
	Structural Pessimism vs. Strategic Optimism	317
	Appendix: Interviewed Students	321
	Notes	331
	Bibliography	363
	Index	379