Bearing Witness Book

	Preface
	Introduction	1
	Statement of Problem: Violence and Community	1
Pt. I	A Trauma-Organized Society?	9
Ch. 1	Looking at the Numbers	11
Ch. 2	Traumatogenic Forces in Society	17
	Childrearing Conditions and Practices	19
	Disavowal of Emotions and Emotional Numbing	25
	Sexism	31
	Gender, Male Conditioning, and Violence	34
	Injustice: Poverty and Race	37
	Social Stress	40
	Existential Confusion and the Problems of Evil	41
Ch. 3	Where Violence Occurs	49
	Violence in the Family	49
	Violence in the Workplace	51
	Violence in the School	56
	Violence in the Church	59
Ch. 4	Active Support for Violence	67
	Firearms	67
	Substance Abuse	71
	Pornography	73
	Media Violence	78
Ch. 5	Our Response to Violence	85
	Crime and Punishment	85
	Failure to Protect: The Bystander Effect	87
	Robopathology	91
	Resiliency: Protective Factors	94
	Summary: A Trauma-Organized System	99
Pt. II	Trauma Theory	101
Ch. 6	Normal Reactions to Abnormal Stress	103
	Psychological Trauma Defined	106
	The Fight-or-Flight Response	108
	Learned Helplessness	109
	Loss of "Volume Control"	111
	Thinking Under Stress - Action Not Thought	112
	Remembering Under Stress	114
	Learning and Trauma - State-Dependent Learning	121
	Emotions and Trauma - Dissociation	123
	Health and Trauma	130
	Character Change and Trauma	133
	Looking for an Antidote	134
	Attachment Behavior	134
	Failure of Attachment	135
	Endorphins and Attachment	136
	Endorphins and Stress - Addiction to Trauma	137
	Trauma-Bonding	139
	Traumatic Reenactment	141
	Issues of Meaning and Spirituality	144
	Trauma-Organized Systems	147
	Changing Patterns of Thought	151
Pt. III	A Public Health Approach	159
Ch. 7	Tertiary Prevention: Fixing What Is Already Broken	161
	Trauma-Based Principles for Intervention	161
	Emergency Prescription for the Body Politic	163
	Healing as Integration	167
	Establishing Safety	167
	Forgetting the Past Means Repeating It	177
	The Grief That Does Not Speak ...	190
	Reconnection	194
Ch. 8	Secondary Prevention: Containing the Traumatic Infection	197
	A Bill of Rights for Children	197
	Day Care and Family Support	200
	Dealing with Family Violence	202
	Sanctuary in the Classroom	210
	Making the Workplace Safe	222
	Health Care Re-Reform and the Cost of Violence	225
	Prisons and the Criminal Justice System	230
	Spiritual Support for Nonviolence	241
Ch. 9	Primary Prevention: Ending the Cycles of Violence	245
	Preventing Family Violence	245
	Promoting Resiliency	251
	Sharing the Wealth	254
	Primary Prevention and the Media	263
	Restitution Not Retribution: Reworking the Justice System	267
	Dealing with Bullies: Refusing to Be a Victim or a Bystander	270
	A Community Response to Violence	273
	Bearing Witness and Human Liberation	277
	Bibliography	281
	Index	319