Science, Technology and Society: The Impact of Science Throughout History: <br> the Impact of Science inthe 19thCentury Book

	Reader's Guide	xi
	Advisory Board	xiii
	Chronology	xv
	Words to Know	xxiii
Volume 1
Chapter 1	Life Science
	Chapter Contents	1
	Chronology	2
	Overview	3
	Essays
	Johann Blumenbach and the Classification of Human Races	7
	Advances in Cell Theory	10
	Birth of the Agricultural Sciences	16
	Gregor Mendel Discovers the Basic Laws of Heredity	21
	Thomas Malthus and the Study of Population	25
	Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution	29
	Social Darwinism	36
	Louis Pasteur and the Germ Theory	39
	The Popularization of Science	45
	Neanderthals and the Search for Human Ancestors	48
	Biographies
	John James Laforest Audubon	54
	Spencer Fullerton Baird	56
	Ernst Haeckel	58
	Thomas Henry Huxley	59
	Ida Henrietta Hyde	61
	Matthew Fontaine Maury	62
	Lorenz Oken	64
	Alfred Russel Wallace	65
	Brief Biographies	67
	Research and Activity Ideas	74
	For More Information	75
Chapter 2	Medicine
	Chapter Contents	79
	Chronology	80
	Overview	81
	Essays
	The Development of New Systems of Alternative Medicine	84
	Advances in Surgical Techniques	90
	The Battle against Tuberculosis	94
	Nineteenth Century Biological Theories about Race	98
	Medical Beliefs about Women	100
	Establishment of Schools for Individuals with Special Needs	103
	Nineteenth-Century Advances in Dentistry	106
	Advances in the Treatment of Mental Illness	109
	Developments in Military Medicine	113
	The Rise of Tropical Medicine	116
	Creation of the Public Health System	120
	Koch's Postulates Are Used to Identify Diseases	124
	Biographies
	Clara Barton	128
	William Beaumont	130
	Elizabeth Blackwell	132
	Paul Ehrlich	135
	Sigmund Freud	137
	Shibasaburo Kitasato	139
	Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran	140
	Florence Nightingale	141
	William Osler	143
	Philippe Pinel	144
	Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen	145
	Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis	147
	Brief Biographies	149
	Research and Activity Ideas	157
	For more Information	158
	Index	xxxix
Volume 2
Chapter 3	Mathematics
	Chapter Contents	163
	Chronology	164
	Overview	165
	Essays
	Early Attempts to Formulate a Mathematical Theory of Electricity	168
	Developments in Mathematics Education	172
	Advances in the Mathematics of Logic	175
	The Rise of Probability Theory	179
	Biographies
	Charles Babbage	182
	George Boole	185
	Augustin-Louis Cauchy	186
	Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier	187
	Evariste Galois	189
	Carl Friedrich Gauss	190
	Sophie Germain	193
	Felix Klein	194
	Pierre-Simon Laplace	195
	Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky	197
	Jules-Henri Poincare	199
	Brief Biographies	200
	Research and Activity Ideas	207
	For more Information	208
Chapter 4	Physical Science
	Chapter Contents	211
	Chronology	212
	Overview	213
	Essays
	Development of the Concept of Energy	216
	Nineteenth-Century Advances in Electromagnetic Theory	221
	Finding Order among the Elements: The Periodic Table	226
	Lord Rayleigh's Theory of Sound	232
	Discovery of Radioactivity	236
	Discovery of the Inert Gases	243
	Heinrich Hertz Discovers Radio Waves	247
	Charles Lyell Popularizes the Principle of Uniformitarianism	251
	Developments in Electrochemistry	255
	Discovery of Ice Ages	261
	Biographies
	Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz	265
	Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel	267
	Marie Curie	269
	John Dalton	271
	Michael Faraday	273
	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac	275
	Josiah Willard Gibbs	277
	Joseph Henry	279
	Caroline Lucretia Herschel	280
	Charles Lyell	282
	James Clerk Maxwell	283
	Brief Biographies	285
	Research and Activity Ideas	293
	For more Information	294
Chapter 5	Technology and Invention
	Chapter Contents	297
	Chronology	298
	Overview	299
	Essays
	The Horseless Carriage: Invention of the First Automobiles	303
	Revolutions in the Publishing Industry	308
	Instant Messaging: The Invention of the Telegraph	313
	Alexander Graham Bell Invents the Telephone	316
	Capturing Life on Screen: The Invention of Motion Pictures	320
	Electricity Powers the Nineteenth Century	324
	The Steam-Powered Locomotive Transforms Transportation	331
	The Mechanization of Textile Weaving	336
	Progress in Food Preservation	340
	Advances in the Chemistry of Explosives	344
	Charles Goodyear Invents the Process of Vulcanization	348
	Biographies
	Nicolas Appert	352
	Alexander Graham Bell	353
	Karl Friedrich Benz	355
	Henry Bessemer	356
	Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace	358
	Thomas Alva Edison	359
	Margaret E. Knight	361
	Cyrus Hall McCormick	362
	Norbert Rillieux	363
	Isaac Merrit Singer	365
	Brief Biographies	366
	Research and Activity Ideas	372
	For more Information	373
	Index	xxxix