A Treatise on Political Economy Book

	Introduction to the Transaction Edition	vii
	Preface to the Sixth Edition	5
	Preface to the Fifth Edition	8
	Introduction	15
Book I.	Of the Production of Wealth
Chap. I.	Of what is to be understood by the term production	61
Chap. II.	Of the different kinds of industry, and the mode in which they concur in production	63
Chap. III.	Of the nature of capital, and the mode in which it concurs in the business of production	71
Chap. IV.	Of natural agents, that assist in the production of wealth, and specially of land	74
Chap. V.	On the mode in which industry, capital, and natural agents unite in production	77
Chap. VI.	Of operations alike common to all branches of industry	79
Chap. VII.	Of the labour of mankind, of nature, and of machinery respectively	85
Chap. VIII.	Of the advantages and disadvantages resulting from division of labour; and of the extent to which it may be carried	90
Chap. IX.	Of the different methods of employing commercial industry, and the mode in which they concur in production	99
Chap. X.	Of the transformations undergone by capital, in the progress of production	105
Chap. XI.	Of the formation and multiplication of capital	109
Chap. XII.	Of unproductive capital	118
Chap. XIII.	Of immaterial products, or values consumed at the moment of production	119
Chap. XIV.	Of the right of property	127
Chap. XV.	Of the demand or market for products	132
Chap. XVI.	Of the benefits resulting from the quick circulation of money and commodities	140
Chap. XVII.	Of the effect of governments, intended to influence production	143
Sect. 1.	Effect of regulations prescribing the nature of products	143
	Digression--Upon what is called the balance of trade	148
Sect. 2.	Of the effect of regulations, fixing the manner of production	175
Sect. 3.	Of privileged trading companies	183
Sect. 4.	Of regulations affecting the corn trade	189
Chap. XVIII.	Of the effect upon national wealth, resulting from the productive efforts of public authority	199
Chap. XIX.	Of colonies and their products	203
Chap. XX.	Of temporary and permanent emigration, considered in reference to national wealth	213
Chap. XXI.	Of the nature and uses of money
Sect. 1.	General remarks	217
Sect. 2.	Of the material of money	220
Sect. 3.	Of the accession of value a commodity receives, by being vested with the character of money	224
Sect. 4.	Of the utility of coinage; and of the charge of its execution	228
Sect. 5.	Of alterations of the standard-money	234
Sect. 6.	Of the reason why money is neither a sign nor a measure	240
Sect. 7.	Of a peculiarity, that should be attended to, in estimating the sums mentioned in history	248
Sect. 8.	Of the absence of any fixed ratio of value between one metal and another	254
Sect. 9.	Of money as it ought to be	256
Sect. 10.	Of a copper and brass metal coinage	261
Sect. 11.	Of the preferable form of coined money	262
Sect. 12.	Of the party on whom the loss of coin by wear should properly fall	263
Chap. XXII.	Of signs or representatives of money
Sect. 1.	Of bills of exchange and letters of credit	265
Sect. 2.	Of banks of deposite	268
Sect. 3.	Of banks of circulation or discount, and of bank notes, or convertible paper	270
Sect. 4.	Of paper-money	280
Book II.	Of the Distribution of Wealth
Chap. I.	Of the basis of value, and of supply and demand	284
Chap. II.	Of the sources of revenue	292
Chap. III.	Of real and relative variation of price	297
Chap. IV.	Of nominal variation of price, and of the peculiar value of bullion and of coin	306
Chap. V.	Of the manner in which revenue is distributed amongst society	314
Chap. VI.	Of what branches of production yield the most liberal recompense to productive agency	321
Chap. VII.	Of the revenue of industry
Sect. 1.	Of the profits of industry in general	324
Sect. 2.	Of the profits of the man of science	228
Sect. 3.	Of the profits of the master-agent or adventurer in industry	229
Sect. 4.	Of the profits of the operative labourer	332
Sect. 5.	Of the independence accruing to the moderns from the advancement of industry	340
Chap. VIII.	Of the revenue of capital
Sect. 1.	Of loans at interest	343
Sect. 2.	Of the profit of capital	354
Sect. 3.	Of the employments of capital most beneficial to society	357
Chap. IX.	Of the revenue of land:
Sect. 1.	Of the profit of landed property	359
Sect. 2.	Of rent	365
Chap. X.	Of the effect of revenue derived by one nation from another	368
Chap. XI.	Of the mode in which the quantity of the product affects population
Sect. 1.	Of population, as connected with political economy	371
Sect. 2.	Of the influence of the quality of a national product upon the local distribution of the population	381
Book III.	Of the Consumption of Wealth
Chap. I.	Of the different kinds of consumption	387
Chap. II.	Of the effect of consumption in general	391
Chap. III.	Of the effect of productive consumption	393
Chap. IV.	Of the effect of unproductive consumption in general	396
Chap. V.	Of individual consumption, its motives and its effects	401
Chap. VI.	On public consumption
	Of the nature and general effect of public consumption	412
	Of the principal objects of national expenditure	421
	Of the charge of civil and judicious administration	425
	Of charges, military and naval	429
	Of the charges of public instruction	432
	Of the charges of public benevolent institutions	438
	Of the charges of public edifices and works	441
Chap. VII.	Of the actual contributors to public consumption	444
Chap. VIII.	Of taxation
Sect. 1.	Of the effect of all kinds of taxation in general	446
Sect. 2.	Of the different modes of assessment, and the classes they press upon respectively	468
Sect. 3.	Of taxation in kind	473
Sect. 4.	Of the territorial or land-tax of England	476
Chap. IX.	Of national debt
Sect. 1.	Of the contracting debt by national authority, and of its general effect	477
Sect. 2.	Of public credit, its basis, and the circumstances that endanger its solidity	482
	Appendix	488