American College of Emergency Physicians First Aid Manual Book

	Introduction	10
1	First-Aid Essentials	11
	Being a first aider	12
	Looking after yourself	14
	Regulations and legislation	17
	Action at an emergency	18
	Telephoning for help	20
	Multiple victims	21
	Road incidents	22
	Fires	24
	Electrical injuries	26
	Water rescue	28
	Assessing a victim	29
	Primary survey	29
	Secondary survey	30
	Symptoms and signs	32
	Examining a victim	34
	Treatment and aftercare	36
	Passing on information	37
	Using observation charts	38
2	Techniques and Equipment	39
	Removing clothing	40
	Removing headgear	41
	Monitoring vital signs	42
	First-aid materials	44
	Dressings	46
	Sterile dressings	47
	Nonsterile dressings	48
	Adhesive dressings	49
	Cold compresses	49
	Principles of bandaging	50
	Roller bandages	52
	Elbow and knee bandages	54
	Hand and foot bandages	55
	Tubular bandages	56
	Triangular bandages	57
	Square knots	58
	Scalp bandage	59
	Arm sling	60
	Elevation sling	61
	Improvised slings	62
	Victim handling	63
	Assisting a walking victim	65
	Controlling a fall	66
	Moving from chair to floor	67
	Moving a collapsed victim	68
	Moving equipment	69
	Stretchers and boards	70
3	Life-Saving Procedures	71
	Breathing and circulation	72
	Life-saving priorities	73
	Adult resuscitation chart	75
	Unconscious adult	76
	Child resuscitation chart	86
	Unconscious child (1-7 years)	87
	Infant resuscitation chart	94
	Unconscious infant (under 1 year)	95
	Choking summary charts	99
	Choking adult	100
	Choking child (1-7 years)	101
	Choking infant (under 1 year)	102
4	Respiratory Problems	103
	The respiratory system	104
	Hypoxia	106
	Airway obstruction	107
	Hanging and strangulation	108
	Drowning	109
	Inhalation of fumes	110
	Penetrating chest wound	112
	Hyperventilation	114
	Asthma	115
	Croup	116
5	Heart and Circulatory Problems	117
	The heart and blood vessels	118
	Shock	120
	Internal bleeding	122
	Anaphylactic shock	123
	Angina pectoris	124
	Acute heart failure	124
	Heart attack	125
	Fainting	126
6	Wounds and Bleeding	127
	Bleeding and types of wounds	128
	Severe bleeding	130
	Impalement	132
	Amputation	132
	Crush injury	133
	Cuts and abrasions	134
	Foreign object in a cut	135
	Bruising	136
	Infected wound	136
	Scalp and head wounds	137
	Eye wound	138
	Bleeding from the ear	138
	Nosebleed	139
	Bleeding from the mouth	140
	Knocked-out tooth	140
	Wound to the palm	141
	Wound at a joint crease	141
	Abdominal wound	142
	Vaginal bleeding	143
	Bleeding varicose vein	144
7	Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries	145
	The skeleton	146
	Bones, muscles, and joints	148
	Fractures	150
	Dislocated joint	153
	Strains and sprains	154
	Major facial fracture	156
	Cheekbone and nose fractures	157
	Lower jaw injury	157
	Fractured collarbone	158
	Shoulder injury	159
	Upper arm injury	160
	Elbow injury	161
	Forearm and wrist injuries	162
	Hand and finger injuries	163
	Injury to the ribcage	164
	Spinal injury	165
	Back pain	168
	Fractured pelvis	169
	Hip and thigh injuries	170
	Knee injury	172
	Lower leg injury	173
	Ankle injury	174
	Foot and toe injuries	174
8	Nervous System Problems	175
	The nervous system	176
	Impaired consciousness	178
	Head injury	179
	Concussion	180
	Cerebral compression	181
	Skull fracture	182
	Stroke	183
	Seizures in adults	184
	Absence seizures	185
	Seizures in children	186
	Meningitis	187
	Headache	188
	Migraine	188
9	Environmental Injuries	189
	The skin	190
	Assessing a burn	192
	Severe burns and scalds	194
	Minor burns and scalds	196
	Burns to the airway	197
	Electrical burn	198
	Chemical burn	199
	Chemical burn to the eye	200
	Flash burn to the eye	201
	Tear gas or pepper spray injury	201
	Sunburn	202
	Prickly heat	202
	Heat exhaustion	203
	Heatstroke	204
	Frostbite	205
	Hypothermia	206
10	Foreign Objects	209
	The sensory organs	210
	Splinter	212
	Embedded fishhook	213
	Foreign object in the eye	214
	Foreign object in the ear	215
	Foreign object in the nose	215
	Inhaled foreign object	216
	Swallowed foreign object	216
11	Poisoning, Bites, and Stings	217
	How poisons affect the body	218
	Swallowed poisons	220
	Chemicals on the skin	221
	Inhaled gases	221
	Poisons in the eye	221
	Drug poisoning	222
	Alcohol poisoning	223
	Food poisoning	224
	Poisonous plants and fungi	225
	Insect sting	226
	Other bites and stings	227
	Tick bite	227
	Snake bite	228
	Stings from sea creatures	229
	Marine puncture wound	229
	Animal bite	230
12	Childbirth and Medical Problems	231
	Childbirth	232
	Childbirth: first stage	233
	Childbirth: second stage	234
	Childbirth: third stage	236
	Miscarriage	237
	Allergy	238
	Hiccups	238
	Fever	239
	Vertigo	239
	Diabetes mellitus	240
	Hyperglycemia	240
	Hypoglycemia	241
	Panic attack	242
	Disturbed behavior	242
	Earache	243
	Toothache	244
	Sore throat	244
	Abdominal pain	245
	Hernia	246
	Vomiting and diarrhea	247
	Stitch	247
	Cramp	248
	Overseas travel health	249
13	Emergency First Aid	252
	Action in an emergency	252
	Unconscious adult	254
	Unconscious child (1-7 years)	258
	Unconscious infant (under 1 year)	262
	Choking adult	264
	Choking child (1-7 years)	265
	Choking infant (under 1 year)	266
	Asthma attack	267
	Shock	268
	Anaphylactic shock	269
	Severe bleeding	270
	Heart attack	271
	Head injury	272
	Spinal injury	273
	Seizures in adults	274
	Seizures in children	275
	Broken bones	276
	Burns	277
	Eye injury	278
	Swallowed poisons	279
	Observation charts	280