Programmable Controllers : An Engineer's Guide Book

	Preface
1	Computers and industrial control	1
1.2	Types of control strategies	1
1.3	Enter the computer	6
1.4	Input/output connections	21
1.5	Remote I/O	31
1.6	The advantages of PLC control	33
2	Programming techniques	35
2.2	The program scan	38
2.3	Identification of input/output and bit addresses	43
2.4	Programming methods	51
2.5	Bit storage	61
2.6	Timers	66
2.7	Counters	69
2.8	Numerical applications	75
2.9	Combinational and event-driven logic	86
3	Programming style	102
3.2	Software engineering	103
3.3	Top-down design	105
3.4	Program structure in various PLCs	106
3.5	Housekeeping and good software practice	116
4	Analog signals, closed loop control and intelligent modules	123
4.2	Common analog signals	123
4.3	Signals and standards	132
4.4	Analog interfacing	134
4.5	Analog output signals	143
4.6	Analog-related program functions	145
4.7	Closed loop control	145
4.8	Specialist control processors	155
4.9	Intelligent modules	156
4.10	Installation notes	157
5	Distributed systems	160
5.1	Parallel and serial communications	160
5.2	Serial standards	163
5.3	Area networks	184
5.4	The ISO/OSI Model	190
5.5	Proprietary systems	192
5.6	Safety and practical considerations	201
5.7	Fibre optics	203
6	The man-machine interface	208
6.2	Simple digital controls and indicators	209
6.3	Numerical outputs and inputs	212
6.4	Alarm annunciation	218
6.5	Analog indication	222
6.6	Computer graphics	224
6.7	Message displays	246
7	Industrial control with conventional computers	247
7.2	Bus-based machines	248
7.3	Programming for real time control	256
8	Practical aspects	264
8.2	Safety	264
8.3	Design criteria	276
8.4	Constructional notes	278
8.5	Maintenance and fault finding	288
	Appendix Number systems	314
	Index	319