Heavy Water and the Wartime Race for Nuclear Energy Book

	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	List of illustrations
1	Prologue	1
1.1	Fornebu airport, 12 March 1940	1
2	Manchester and Paris, 1919	3
2.1	Manchester: how it began	3
2.2	Paris, and the Joliot-Curies	7
3	The Neutron	11
3.1	Prelude to 1932: Chadwick and Bothe on the hunt	11
3.2	A discovery narrowly missed, and the neutron at last	17
4	Heavy Water	22
4.1	Deuterium: a comedy of errors	22
4.2	Gilbert Lewis and Leif Tronstad: the promise of deuterium	27
4.3	Birkeland and his gun; Eyde and Birkeland	33
4.4	Tronstad and Norsk Hydro: an auspicious union	41
5	Artificial Radioactivity	49
5.1	Another French miss, and triumph at last	49
5.2	Rome: another discovery, and a discovery missed	57
5.3	Meanwhile, back in Paris	63
5.4	Escape, in the nick of time	66
6	Nuclear Fission	73
6.1	Berlin: December 1938	73
6.2	More neutrons?	78
6.3	Prospects for a chain reaction on the eve of war	89
6.4	A moderator of choice	99
7	Heavy Water Revisited	104
7.1	The Allier mission	104
7.2	Attack on Norway	110
7.3	The battle for Rjukan; Tronstad goes into action	113
8	The British Initiative	118
8.1	Maud	118
8.2	Broompark	123
9	German Army Ordnance Takes Charge	130
9.1	The Uranium Club; a tritium episode	130
9.2	A serious error	138
9.3	Joliot's guests	143
10	Heavy Water Takes Center Stage	147
10.1	Pressure on Norsk Hydro mounts	147
10.2	SIS, SOE, and the Galtesund affair	156
10.3	Mild sabotage; frank talk	158
10.4	Exit Jomar Brun	165
11	America Joins the Quest	170
11.1	Stirrings in the new world	170
11.2	'Graphite versus deuterium' once more	173
11.3	North American heavy water in abundance	178
12	Action Vemork	186
12.1	Germany's uranium machines: off to a promising start	186
12.2	Freshman: an unqualified disaster	192
12.3	Gunnerside: a qualified success	197
13	Neutrons Despite Bombs	206
13.1	Aftermath at Vemork; neutrons in Berlin-Gottow	206
13.2	The Americans strike	211
14	Wavering Outlook for Heavy Water	219
14.1	Penultimate pile experiments	219
14.2	The ferry	224
14.3	Prospects for heavy-water production in Germany	233
15	Canada Enters the Race	239
15.1	ZEEP	239
16	Fears and Facts on the Continent	247
16.1	Alsos	247
16.2	In the Haigerloch cave	253
17	Swabian Jura and Upper Telemark: Final Events	259
17.1	The rush for Haigerloch	259
17.2	Interrupted Sunshine	264
18	Hiroshima Revealed; Further Contestants for Nuclear Energy	271
18.1	Farm Hall: Operation Epsilon	271
18.2	Belated entries: Russia and Japan	275
19	Epilogue	282
19.1	Whither heavy water; what if?	282
19.2	A few of the personalities	287
App. A	Some Properties of Heavy Water (D[subscript 2]O) Compared to Water (H[subscript 2]O)	293
App. B	A Chronology of Heavy Water	294
	Abbreviations	300
	Notes	303
	Select bibliography	359
	Name index	365
	Subject index	385