Facilitating Multicultural Groups: A Practical Guide Book

About the author     vi
Acknowledgements     vii
Abbreviations     viii
Introduction     1
Preparations with clients     9
Introduction     9
Preparation research     9
Generic cultural competencies framework     11
Cultural intelligence     16
What to take with you if working overseas     17
Customizing materials     18
What to check if going overseas     18
Arrival strategies     19
Use of local facilitation techniques and facilitators     24
Diversity checklist for workshop design     25
Getting to know and contracting with co-facilitators     30
Prior preparation by local counterparts     32
Planning workshop openings     32
Ending rituals and celebration     34
Formative evaluation     35
Long-term evaluation     38
Facilitator health and well-being     39
Workshop delivery     41
Introduction     41
Claiming the workshop space     41
Being prepared     42
Introductions     42
Clarifying individual roles     44
Contracting participants' needs and responsibilities     45
Cultural attitudes to technology     46
Creating physical safety     47
Creating cultural safety     47
Enhancing respect     49
Warm-up activities     52
Energizers     54
Room maintenance     55
Strategies to encourage networking     56
Strategies to provoke thinking     59
Processes to explore understanding of concepts     59
Processes to explore multiple realities and perception     61
Assumptions     64
Linking the parts of a workshop     70
Group formation     71
What if they don't understand?     72
Transference of learning     73
Motivating participants to read outside a workshop     75
Adapting processes to different cultural contexts     76
Stop-start role play     77
Power and empowerment in groups     81
Introduction     81
Power in groups     81
Modes of facilitation     83
Ladder of participation     84
Ladder of empowerment     87
Ladders of equity     89
Ladder of political safety, open and safe communication     96
Values in facilitation and participation     97
Uses of power and power bases     98
Empowering processes to harness positive thinking     100
Appreciative inquiry process     100
Strategies to enable multicultural teams to be more effective     107
Introduction     107
Cultural socialization     108
Characteristics of effective culturally diverse teams     111
Intercultural leadership     116
Intercultural sensitivity     116
Cultural mapping     117
The MBI model     118
Different interpretations of the word 'culture'     120
Purpose/rationale of the cultural values card pack     123
Explanations of cultural values cards     126
Sorting the cultural card pack     131
M: Mapping cultures with the card pack     133
B: Bridge-building processes and strategies     136
I: Integrating bridges into the existing system     137
Comparing cultural ideals and cultural realities     138
Other processes and strategies to map cultures     139
Previously mapped cultures     143
Behaviour cards     144
Cultural awareness in simulation activities     145
Mapping the cultures of stakeholders     146
Facilitative bridging strategies     151
Metaphors, stories, music and dance     159
Introduction     159
Metaphors     159
Stories     160
Inviting participants to tell their stories     161
Personal story process     163
Case studies created by outsiders     165
Case stories created by participants     166
Role-reversal stories through the eyes of 'the other'     171
Role-reversal stories to help participants to decentre     173
Music     173
Hints for facilitators     178
Processes involving music and sound     181
Dance     184
Visual techniques     185
Introduction     185
Group media (community-based media)     185
Flows of communication with pictures     186
Useful visual literacy research findings for facilitators     187
Pictures and cartoons as discussion starters     190
Facilitated discussion framework for picture analysis     192
Graphic facilitation     194
Mindscapes and concept drawing      195
Participants design pictures     200
Multi-purpose visuals     201
Picture card packs     203
Three-dimensional idea generation and development of prototypes     204
Empowering uses of participatory video     206
Resources for seeing things from different angles     208
How to avoid death by PowerPoint     211
Learning how to draw     211
Facilitating difference     213
Introduction     213
Constructive and destructive paths and choices     214
Ways of talking and listening     217
Facilitating dialogue in culturally diverse groups     221
Warm-up activity to identify sources of conflict     221
Raising awareness of assumptions and stereotypes     224
Perception and content assumptions and misunderstandings     232
When dialogue stops, learning stops     233
Use of superordinate goals to unite disparate groups     237
Facilitating cultural inclusivity     243
Holding up a mirror to the 'others'     248
Facilitating reconciliation     253
Introduction     253
Reconciliation and healing between cultures within a country: Australia     253
Reconciliation among refugees     264
Reconciliation and healing between cultures within a country: African examples     265
Language and silence     271
Introduction     271
The relationship between language and culture     271
Concepts do not always translate across cultures     275
Speech patterns     278
Different cultural interpretations of concepts     282
Different meanings and uses of silence     282
Hints for facilitators to 'facilitate or hold silence'     291
Facilitating with interpreters and translators     293
Introduction     293
Types of interpreting     293
Debriefing experiential learning activities     304
The mutual misunderstanding zone     304
Translating documents     307
Sample 'cultural values' cards     309
Behaviour cards     313
References     319
Index     331