Doing Business in Egypt Book

	Foreword
	HE Youssef Boutros Ghali, Minister of Economy
	List of Contributors
	Map 1: Egypt and its Neighbours
	Map 2: The Infrastructure of Egypt
Pt. 1	Background: The Business Context
1.1	The Political Environment	3
1.2	An Overview of the Egyptian Economy	9
1.3	Economic Policies: Public Sector Restructuring and Privatization	17
1.4	The Legal Regime and the Regulatory Framework	26
1.5	Foreign Trade Liberalization and Promotion of the Export Sector	32
Pt. 2	Investment
2.1	The Foreign Investment Climate in Egypt	41
2.2	Egypt: A Strategic Destination and an Established Tradition of Foreign Business	46
2.3	Legal and Fiscal Incentives and Priority Areas for Investment	50
2.4	Privatization and Expanding Investment Opportunities	57
2.5	The Privatization and Turn-Around of Al Ahram Beverages	61
2.6	Free Zones and Industrial Cities in Egypt	66
2.7	Operating in the Free Zones: LEONI Wiring Systems	71
Pt. 3	Getting Established: Initial Considerations
3.1	Establishing a Presence	77
3.2	Agency and Distribution Agreements	86
3.3	The Customs Environment: Valuations and Clearance Procedures	92
3.4	Market Research, the Egyptian Consumer and the Public Relations Culture	98
3.5	Practical and Cultural Information for the First Time Visitor	104
3.6	Laws on Intellectual Property	110
Pt. 4	The Banking Sector, Financial and Capital Markets
4.1	The Egyptian Banking System	119
4.2	Financial Instruments in Egypt	125
4.3	Egypt in the International Capital Markets	131
4.4	The Egyptian Banking and Financial Sector: Regulatory Framework	140
4.5	The Capital Market	149
Pt. 5	Business Development: Building and Operating an Organization
5.1	Incorporating a Company	159
5.2	Investment Strategy: The Practical Approach	167
5.3	The Fiscal Regime: Personal, Corporate and Customs Taxes	174
5.4	Accounting Procedures	183
5.5	Labour Law and Social Insurance for Egyptian Nationals	185
5.6	Work Permits for Expatriates in Egypt	190
5.7	Arbitration and Dispute Resolution	193
Pt. 6	Specific Opportunities by Sector
6.1	The Regulatory Framework for the Oil and Gas Sector	199
6.2	The Egyptian Gas Industry	204
6.3	The Petroleum Industry	209
6.4	Non-traditional Industries to Watch: Egypt's Furniture and Iron and Steel Industries	213
6.5	Agricultural Development in Egypt: Challenges, Achievements and Future Prospects	219
6.6	Building Materials: The Cement Industry	226
6.7	The Beverage and Brewing Sector	231
6.8	The Thriving Pharmaceuticals Industry	237
6.9	The Egyptian Pharmaceuticals Industry: An Overview	244
6.10	Case Study: Perceptions of Doing Business in the Egyptian Pharmaceuticals Industry	250
6.11	The Internet and Business to Business E-Commerce	255
6.12	Tourism in Egypt	263
6.13	Case Study: Doing Business in the Egyptian Textiles Industry - The Cairo Cotton Centre	267
6.14	The Egyptian Real Estate Market	271
6.15	The Insurance Sector	278
6.16	Telecommunications	283
App. 1	Special Case Study: Egypt-US Relations	291
App. 2	Useful Addresses	300
App. 3	Contributors' Contact Details	312
	Index	317
	Index of Advertisers and Sponsors	325