Moral Constraints On War Book

Preface   Bruno Coppieters   Nick Fotion     ix
Introduction   Nick Fotion   Bruno Coppieters   Ruben Apressyan     1
Realism     1
Militarism     5
Pacifism     7
Just War Theory     10
Questions of Terminology: Justice, War, and Theory     14
Jus ad Bellum
Just Cause   Bruno Coppieters   Carl Ceulemans   Anthony Hartle     27
A General Approach     27
Individual and Collective Self-Defense     29
Humanitarian Intervention     43
Legitimate Authority   Bruno Coppieters     55
Background     55
Collaboration and Resistance: La France Libre     58
Revolutionary Movements     61
Anticolonial Struggles: Algeria, 1954-1962     62
The Security System of the United Nations     66
Conclusion     70
Right Intentions   Bruno Coppieters   Boris Kashnikov     73
The Just War Tradition     75
Testing the Principle     78
Bangladesh, 1971     80
Hitler's Occupation of Czechoslovakia, 1938     83
Hitler'sOccupation of Poland, 1939     85
The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939     86
A Four-Step Approach to the Iraq War, 2003     88
The Likelihood of Success   Nick Fotion   Bruno Coppieters     101
Problems     101
Luxembourg, 1940     103
Belgium, 1940     104
Thailand, 1940 and 1941     105
Cuba in the 1950s     106
Hezbollah     108
Mini and Maxi     110
Czechoslovakia, 1968     111
North Korea     114
Afghanistan and Iraq Compared     117
Sacrifice and Mobilization     120
Proportionality   Nick Fotion     125
A Relational Principle     125
Luxembourg and Belgium Again     128
Mini and Maxi Again     128
Divergence between Success and Proportionality Principles     130
North Korea and the Bomb Again     132
Last Resort   Bruno Coppieters   Ruben Apressyan   Carl Ceulemans     139
The United Nations     140
Nuclear Crisis Management: The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962     142
Humanitarian Crisis Management: Bosnia, 1992-1995      147
Jus in Bello
A Historical Overview of the Jus in Bello Constraints   Guy Van Damme     155
Proportionality   Guy Van Damme   Nick Fotion     159
Underlying Assumptions     159
The Conduct of War     160
Nuclear Arms     164
Biological Arms     165
The Principle of Double Effect     167
Conclusion     169
Discrimination   Anthony Hartle     171
Noncombatant Immunity     171
Nuclear Weapons     178
Land Mines     181
Targeting     183
Economic Sanctions     184
Counterterrorism     186
Conclusion     188
Cases
The NATO Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: March-June 1999   Carl Ceulemans     195
Presentation of the Case     195
Just Cause     198
Right Intentions     199
Legitimate Authority     201
Last Resort     203
Likelihood of Success     206
Proportionality (ad Bellum)     210
Discrimination     212
Proportionality (in Bello)     213
Conclusion     215
NATO's Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: Whose Justice?   Boris Kashnikov     219
Just Cause?     219
Legitimate Authority?     221
Right Intentions?     223
Likelihood of Success?     225
Last Resort?     227
Proportionality (ad Bellum)?     229
Winning Ugly: Discrimination and Proportionality (in Bello)     231
Conclusion     233
Kosovo and the Question of a Just Secession   Bruno Coppieters     237
Three Debates on Kosovo     237
Military Intervention: The Case of Abkhazia     240
International Administration: The Case of Chechnya     242
Unilateral Independence: The Case of Kosovo     245
Conclusion     254
Terrorism   Nick Fotion     261
The Nature of Terrorism     261
The Morality of Terrorism     264
Terrorist Arguments     265
Assessing the Arguments     268
The War in Iraq: 2003 and Beyond   Nick Fotion     279
Background     279
Just Cause     282
Right Intentions     285
Last Resort     286
Likelihood of Success      287
Proportionality (Jus ad Bellum)     289
Legitimate Authority     289
Proportionality (Jus in Bello)     290
Discrimination     292
Later Developments     295
Conclusion     297
Concluding Comments   Nick Fotion   Bruno Coppieters     303
Realism, Pacifism, and Militarism Revisted     303
Just War Theory and Excessive Optimism     308
Excessive Pessimism     312
A Universal Theory?     314
Index     317
About the Contributors     327