Organized Crime Book

Foreword 9

Introduction 12

Chapter 1 Removing Organizes Crime from Unions

Case Overview: Unites States V. Local 560 (1984) 20

1 The Federal court's Decision: Establishing the Effectiveness of RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) Against Organized Crime Harold A. Ackerman 22

The federal government can establish a trusteeship, a governing body appointed by the court, to remove organized crime's influence from a local union. 22

2 The District Court's Decision: Individuals Can Be Barred from Participating in Union Elections Dickinson Debevoise 31

Because of his former organized crime connections, the federal government disallowed Michael. Sciarra from participating in Local 560 elections. 31

3 Trusteeships Can Be Powerful Weapons Against Crime James B. Jacobs 43

Establishing the trusteeship over Local 560 was a radical departure from previous attempts by the federal government to remove organized crime from union activities. 43

4 Lessons Learned from the Local 560 Trusteeship Pete Hoekstra Edwin Stier Pete Brown

A House of Representatives' Committee reviews the accomplishments of the Local 560 trusteeship. 50

Chapter 2 Organized Crime and the International Drug Trade

Case Overview: United States V. Badalamenti (1986) 61

1 Organized Crime Operates a Worldwide Drug Ring United States Attorney Robert Stewart

Organized crime utilized pizza parlors across the United States to deliver illegal drugs. 63

2 The Federal Court's Decision: The Defendants in Badalameti Received a Fair Trial Lawrence W. Pierce

While the defendants argued that the length (seventeen months) and publicity of the trial unfairly burdened the defense andprejudiced the jury regarding the outcome, the Federal Appeals Court upheld the original conviction. 69

3 The Long Reach of the International Sicilian Mafia Claire Sterling

The lengthy trial offered evidence of the involvement of organizes crime in the international drug trade 79

4 Badalamenti Confirmed the Mafia's Involvement with Drug Trafficking James B. Jacobs

To investigate and convict Badalamenti and other organized crime figures, the FBI relied on thousand of wiretaps along with the assistance of other law enforcement agencies around the worldp89

Chapter 3 Allowing Preventive Detention of the Accused

Case Overview: United States v. Salerno (1987) 101

1 The Court's Decision: Law Enforcement Can Legally Detain Individuals Belived to Be Dangerous Before Trail William Rehnquist

The Bail Reform Act of 1984, which limits individual rights under specific circumstances, does not violate the Constitution.

2 Dissenting Opinion: Detaining Individuals Before Trial Violates the Constitution Thurgood Marshall 113

Detaining individuals before trial violates the Bill of Rights.

3 Preventive Detention Hurts Pretrial Justice Marie VanNostrand Gena Keebler

Although the Rehnquist decision in Salerno would be seen as a dangerous precedent by civil libertarians in regard to criminal rights, the Chief Justice's decision would set strict limits on pretrial detention.

4 Some Commentators Disagree with Salerno Stanislaw Frankowski 124

The Supreme Court's decision regarding preventive detention in Salerno would become one of the most important court decisions of the 1980s.

Chapter 4 Organized Crime Boss on Trial

Case Overview; United Ststes v.John Gotti and Frank Locascio(1992) 130

1 Government Works to Eliminate Gambino Grime Family Larry Neumeister 132

Since the conviction of crime boss John Gotti in 1992, the federal government has tried to permanently crush the notorious crime family by prosecuting others in the group including Goths son and brother.

2 The District Court's Decision; Defense Council Cannot Be a Potential Witness Leo Glasser 135

Before the beginning of the trial, United States Prosecutors moved to disqualify Gottis lawyers.

3 The Testimony of an Underboss Salvatore Gravano Gambino family underboss; john Glesson assistant United States attorney 145

A key to the prosecution's case was the testimony of Salvatore Gravano, a former underboss who agreed to testify against Gotti

4 Convicting a Crime Boss John miller

Salvatore Gravano's defection was symbolic of more than one man's attempt to sane himself; Organized crime was no longer able to silence potential witnesses with fear.

Organizations to Contact 165

For Further Research 170

Index 175