Criminal Procedure: Examples and Explanations Book

	Table of Figures	xv
	Preface	xvii
	Acknowledgments	xix
Chapter 1	Overview of Constitutional Criminal Procedure	1
Part 1	Search and Seizure--The Framework of the Fourth Amendment
Chapter 2	Introduction to the Fourth Amendment	11
Chapter 3	When Does the Fourth Amendment Apply?	17
3.1	Governmental Action--Public Versus Private Search	17
3.2	Resonable Expectation of Privacy	23
Chapter 4	What Does the Fourth Amendment Require?--The Doctrine of Justification	45
4.1	Probable Cause--The Standard for Search and Arrest	46
4.2	Reasonable Suspicion--The Standard for Stop and Frisk	70
4.3	What Constitutes a Stop?	74
4.4	The Expansion of Terry: Demand for Identification, Vehicle Stops, Detention of Effects, Protective Sweeps, and Plain Feel	79
4.5	Administrative Searches	105
Chapter 5	Search and Arrest Warrants	123
5.1	Note on the Warrant Requirement	123
5.2	The Components of a Valid Search Warrant	124
5.2.1	Neutral and Detached Magistrate	124
5.2.2	The Probable Cause Showing	125
5.2.3	The Particularity Requirement	127
5.3	Execution of a Search Warrant	140
5.4	Administrative Search Warrants	141
5.5	Anticipatory Search Warrants	141
5.6	The Arrest Warrant Requirement	142
5.7	The Components of a Valid Arrest Warrant	143
Chapter 6	Warrantless Searches and Seizures	147
6.1	Introduction	147
6.2	Exceptions That Require Probable Cause: The Emergency Exception (Exigent Circumstances)	148
6.3	Exceptions That Require Probable Cause: Search Incident to Arrest	158
6.4	Exceptions That Require Probable Cause: The Automobile Search and the Container Doctrine	169
6.5	Exceptions That Require Reasonable Suspicion: Stop and Frisk and Investigative Detentions	175
6.6	Administrative and Inventory Searches	175
6.7	Warrantless Intrusion Requiring No Justification: Consent	177
6.8	The Plain View Doctrine	190
6.9	The Problem of Pretext	197
Chapter 7	The Exclusionary Rule: Rationale, Operation, and Limitations	201
7.1	The Rationale of the Exclusionary Rule	201
7.2	The Derivative Evidence ("Fruit-of-the-Poisonous-Tree") Doctrine	206
7.3	Limitations on the Exclusionary Rule	223
7.3.1	Standing	223
7.3.2	Limitation to Criminal Trial Versus Other Proceedings	235
7.3.3	The Good Faith Exception	239
7.3.4	The Impeachment Exception	252
7.3.5	Harmless Error	253
Part 2	Interrogation and Confessions
Chapter 8	The Voluntariness Standard	257
Chapter 9	The Miranda Approach	271
9.1	The Miranda Decision	271
9.2	The Components of Miranda	274
9.2.1	Custody	275
9.2.2	Interrogation	283
9.2.3	The Substance and Adequacy of the Warnings	296
9.2.4	Waiver of Miranda Rights	302
9.2.5	Waiver After Invocation of the Right to Silence or to Counsel	315
9.3	Limitations on the Scope of the Miranda Exclusionary Rule	329
9.3.1	Use of the Statement for Impeachment	331
9.3.2	The Public Safety Exception	332
9.3.3	Suppression of the Fruits of a Statement Obtained in Violation of Miranda	339
9.4	Summary--What's Left of Miranda?	342
Chapter 10	The Sixth Amendment "Right to Counsel" Approach	345
10.1	The Massiah Doctrine	345
10.2	The "Deliberately Elicit" Standard	347
10.3	At What Point Does the Massiah Doctrine Apply?--The Initiation of Judicial Proceedings	348
10.4	Waiver and Exceptions to the Massiah Doctrine	350
10.5	Overview of Interrogation and Confessions	355
Part 3	Other Investigative Procedures
Chapter 11	Other Investigative Procedures--Eyewitness Identification, Bodily Intrusions, Examination of Physical Attributes, Entrapment, "High-Tech" and Computer Searches	359
11.1	Eyewitness Identification	360
11.2	Bodily Intrusions and Examination of Suspect's Physical Attributes	367
11.3	Entrapment	373
11.3.1	The Common Law Defense	374
11.3.2	Due Process	375
11.4	"High-Tech" Searches	381
11.4.1	Electronic Surveillance and Wiretapping	381
11.4.2	Searches of Computers	382
Chapter 12	September 11, 2001, and Its Aftermath	387
	Appendix	393
	Table of Cases	407
	Index	421