Geometric and Engineering Drawing Book

Preface ix

Acknowledgements xi

Introduction xiii

Part 1 Geometric Drawing 1

1 Scales 3

The Representative Fraction (RF) 3

Plain Scales 4

Diagonal Scales 5

Proportional Scales 8

Exercise 1 8

2 The Construction of Geometric Figures from Given Data 11

The Triangle 14

The Quadrilateral 19

Polygons 22

Exercise 2 28

3 Isometric Projection 31

Conventional Isometric Projection (Isometric Drawing) 31

Circles and Curves Drawn in Isometric Projection 34

Exercise 3 39

4 The Construction of Circles to Satisfy Given Conditions 43

The Greatest Invention of All Time 43

Exercise 4 55

5 Tangency 59

Exercise 5 63

6 Oblique Projection 67

Circles and Curves in Oblique Projection 68

Exercise 6 71

7 Enlarging and Reducing Plane Figures and Equivalent Areas 75

Equivalent Areas 81

Exercise 7 87

8 The Blending of Lines and Curves 91

Exercise 8 97

9 Loci 103

Loci of Mechanisms 105

Trammels 107

Some Other Problems in Loci 109

Exercise 9 112

10 Orthographic Projection (First Angle and Third Angle) 117

Auxiliary Elevations and Auxiliary Plans 122

Prisms and Pyramids 125

Cylinders and Cones 130

Sections 135

Exercise 10 141

11 Conic Sections - the Ellipse, the Parabola, the Hyperbola 149

The Ellipse 150

The Parabola 156

The Hyperbola 159

Exercise 11 161

12 Intersection of Regular Solids 165

Fillet Curves 178

Exercise 12 179

13 Further Orthographic Projection 185

The Straight Line 185

The Inclined Plane 191

The Oblique Plane 193

Exercise 13 196

14 Developments 201

Prisms 201

Cylinders 204

Pyramids 208

Cones 212

Exercise 14 216

15 Further Problems in Loci 221

The Cycloid 221

The Trochoid 224

The Involute 225

The Archimedean Spiral 228

The Helix 229

Exercise 15 232

16 Freehand Sketching 235

Pictorial Sketching 236

Sketching in Orthographic Projection 240

17 Some More Problems Solved by Drawing 245

Areas of Irregular Shapes 245

Resolution of Forces 247

Simple Cam Design 254

Exercise 17 258

Part 2 Engineering Drawing 263

18 Engineering Drawing 265

Introduction 265

Type of Projection 265

Sections 266

Screw Threads 272

Dimensioning 279

Conventional Representations 284

Abbreviations 289

Framing and Title Block 290

Assembly Drawings 294

Some Engineering Fastenings 294

Three Worked Examples 301

Example 1 303

Example 2 304

Example 3 307

Exercise 18 310

19 Postscript - Planning a Design 337

Appendix A Sizes of Isometric Precision Hexagon Nuts, Bolts and Washers 339

Appendix B Sizes of Slotted and Castle Nuts with Metric Thread 341

Appendix C Representation of Threaded Fasteners 343