Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action Book

	List of Figures
	List of Tables
	Preface
1	Presidential Power in the Modern Era	1
2	A Formal Representation of Unilateral Action	24
3	Bridge Building	55
4	Theory Testing	76
5	Congressional Constraints on Presidential Power	101
6	The Institutional Foundations of Judicial Deference	136
7	Conclusion	175
App. 1	Coding of Executive Orders	189
App. 2	Proofs of Propositions in the Unilateral Politics Model	192
App. 3	Identifying Congressional Challenges to Executive Orders	196
App. 4	Federal Court Challenges to Executive Orders	198
	Notes	203
	Bibliography	219
	Index	231