To Make a Nation: The Rediscovery of American Federalism Book

Introduction: The National Idea in American Politics

A. The Promise of Nationhood

B. The Trial of Sectionalism

C. The Impact of Industrialism

D. The Challenge of Racism

E. Federalism and Political Theory

PART 1:FROM HIERARCHY TO REPUBLICANISM

1. The Rule of the Wise and the Holy: Thomas Aquinas

A. The Ontology of Inequality

B. Value, Utility, and Authority

C. Hierarchies of Virtue and Grace

D. Federalism from the Top Down

E. The Enchanted World

F. Deference to the Divine Likeness

G. Old Tory Politics

2. The Idea of the National Republic: John Milton

A. The Masterless Man

B. Government by Discussion

C. Elite and People

D. Nation and Purpose

3. A Constitution for the National Republic: James Harrington

A. The Dilemma of Scale: Machiavelli

B. Constitutionalism and the Public Interest

C. Representation from the Bottom Up

D. The Machinery of Rational Deliberation

E. Federalism for Utility or for Liberty?

F. A Commonwealth for Increase

PART 2:THE NATIONAL AND REPUBLICAN REVOLUTION

4. The Conflict of Ideas

A. Edmund Burke and the Old Whig Constitution

B. Blackstone and Sovereignty

C. Benjamin Franklin and National Purpose

5. The Decade of Agitation

A. Actual vs. Virtual Representation

B. The Parliamentary Option

C. The Federal Option

D. Imperial Federalism

E. Liberty vs. Union

6. The Discovery of the Nation

A. How the Congress Was Chosen

B. How the Congress Governed

C. How the States Were Created

D. Tom Paine's National and Federal Republic

PART 3:THE NATIONAL AND REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION

7. Montesquieu's Confederate Republic

A. The Structure

B. The Mechanics

C. The Confederate Republic in America

D. The Anti-Federalist Case

8. Madison's Compound Republic

A. Critique of Compact Federalism

B. The New Legitimacy

C. Critique of the Small Republic Theory

D. Justice and the Public Interest

E. Government by Discussion: Hume

F. Government by Discussion: Madison

G. Toward Power and justice

9. Auxiliary Precautions

A. Representation

B. Separation of Powers

C. Why Have States?

D. The People as Common Superior

E. The Control of Faction

10. Sovereignty and Ratification

A. How the Constitution Was Ordained

B. Madison's Gap

C. The National Solution

D. Joseph Story's Classic Exposition

E. Critique of Article VII

F. Sovereignty, the Constitution, and Democracy

11. James Wilson's Social Union

A. Purpose, Medieval and Modern

B. The Four Great Objects

C. The Fragility of Reason

E. Participation and Public Affection

F. The Social Passion

G. Public Affection and Federalism

Conclusion: Liberty and Union

A. Strong Democracy

B. Constitutionalism for Self-Government

C. Federalism and Liberty

D. Radicalism and Prudence

Notes

References

Index