Limited Views: Essays on Ideas and Letters Book

	Introduction	1
	The Meaning Surpasses the Image	29
	Worldly Frustration and Literary Composition	35
	Personal Conduct and Literary Style	41
	Poetic Landscapes and Fidelity to Nature	48
	The Corruption of Consciousness	56
	The Writer as Critic	61
	Sadness as the Primary Value in Music	67
	Saddened by a Height	74
	Complex Emotions in Literature	83
	The Origins of "Delighting the Mind" in Landscape	86
	Script and Nature, Script and Painting	91
	"Resonance" in Criticism on the Arts	97
	The Misreading of Xie He's "Six Canons"	97
	The Early History of the Concept	100
	Resonance and Concealment	104
	A Lost Twelfth-Century Treatise	109
	From Music to the Literary and Visual Arts	112
	Metaphors Have Two Handles and Several Sides	121
	"Human Life Is Like Ice"	130
	Imagery in the Changes and the Songs	134
	Gifts with Symbolic Meanings	141
	Reverse Symbolism	144
	The Domesticating Metaphor	148
	Inflated Language	152
	Synaesthesia	155
	Constant Qualities, Variant Perceptions	160
	The Name but Not the Reality	163
	Impossible Tropes	171
	On Not Recognizing Mirrors	180
	Using Sound to Emphasize Silence	185
	The Motif of the Other Shore	189
	The Hermeneutic Circle	195
	Characters with Multiple Meanings Used Simultaneously	202
	Dialectics in Words and Emotions	208
	Chiasmus	215
	Quoting Out of Context	221
	Degrees of Grammaticalness	224
	Poetic Conventions and the Problem of Distorted Meaning	231
	"Difficulty" in Prose Style	236
	Literary Style and the Detection of Forgeries	239
	A Defense of Parallel Prose	243
	Literary Writing and Utilitarian Prose	248
	Event and Background in Early Historical Writings	251
	The Way and Names	257
	The Insights and Myopia of Mystical Philosophies	263
	Heaven and Earth Are Inhuman, the Sage Is Inhuman	269
	The Body as a Source of Trouble	274
	Modeling Oneself on Nature	282
	Fallacia Divisionis	290
	On Not Speaking While Speaking	297
	Right Words Look Like Contradictions	304
	Fate Versus Divine Justice	311
	Ghosts and Gods	316
	Inconsistencies in The Zuo Commentary	316
	Nomenclature: "Ghost," "Daemon," and "Heaven"	319
	God on High and the King of Zhou	321
	Ghosts and Daemons Are neither All-Seeing nor Just	323
	Witchcraft	326
	More Joy on Earth than in Heaven	332
	Time in Heaven, Earth, and Hell	339
	Rebuking Heaven	345
	Ghosts That Die	350
	"Born from a Brush" and "Killed by a Painting"	353
	Poets in Hell	358
	Stupefying the People	363
	Critiques of "Driving Out the Foreigners"	368
	The Concepts "Chinese" and "Barbarian"	373
	Giving Books to the Barbarians	382
	The Sage Does Not Experience Emotion	387
	Marriage and Fate	393
	Rivalry Between Shamans and Doctors	396
	Monks and Lice	401
	Vegetarians with Impure Minds	405
	Tears at Partings	412
	Works Cited	421
	Finding List	463
	Index of Proper Names, Titles, and Terms	471