Breaking Barriers Book

	Preface
	Introduction	1
1	The Arms and Legs of the Realm	17
	Growth and Expansion of the Tokugawa System	19
	The Road Infrastructure	32
	Maintenance and General Road Conditions	38
	Bridges and River Crossings	48
2	The Social Organization of the Gokaido Network	57
	Sukego Taxation	58
	The Nature of the Sukego Levy	64
	Economic Problems of the Post Stations	71
	Contention and Confrontation	82
3	A Curious Institution	99
	Sekisho Before the Institutionalization of Alternate Attendance	100
	The Strategic Role of Sekisho	105
	Military and Police Functions	110
	Guard Force and Back-up Mechanisms	112
	Sekisho Regulations and Policy	120
	Maintaining Civil Peace	124
	Domain Barriers	128
4	Permits and Passages	135
	Applying for a Travel Permit	137
	Types and Methods	143
	Who Needed a Travel Permit?	146
	Women and Travel Permits	155
	Passing Through the Barriers	159
5	The Benevolence of the Realm	175
	Flexibility with Defective Permits	177
	Entering the Brush	180
	Short-cuts and Cross-Dressing	182
	Graft and the Purchase of Permits	194
	Attempts to Regulate Pilgrimage	198
6	Travel as Recreation	217
	The Development of a Travel Industry	219
	The Secularization of Pilgrimage	236
	The Major Pilgrimage Sites	242
	Social Participants	249
	Conclusion	255
	Appendices	265
	Notes	269
	List of Works Cited	333
	Index	363