Population Of Europe Book

	List of Tables
	List of Figures
	Series Editor's Preface
1	Numbers	1
	Factors of constraint and factors of choice	1
	A millennium of demographic development	5
	Slow change in old regime societies	12
	Interpretive choices	16
2	Space	18
	Geography and environment	18
	The conquest of space before the Black Death	21
	Again eastward and southward	28
	Settlement intensification and land reclamation	30
	Consolidation	35
3	Food	40
	Population and nutrition	40
	Nutrition, infection, and mortality	42
	Bread and its accompaniments	45
	Famine and hunger	51
	Long-term nutrition and mortality	56
	Paradoxes and reality	59
4	Microbes and Disease	61
	Lives on the brink	61
	A world in motion	64
	The plague: a four-handed game	70
	The final match	75
	Demographic losses	80
	Other factors and the road to normality	84
5	Systems	91
	Demographic systems	91
	England, France, and Germany	95
	Marriage	99
	Fertility	107
	More on infant mortality	112
	Migration	116
	Equilibrium and transformations	122
6	The Great Transformation (1800-1914)	126
	A frame of reference	126
	Demographic expansion: numbers and interpretations	132
	Two months per year: increasing life expectancy	140
	Infant mortality yet again	147
	The advent of birth control	151
	Outside of Europe	158
7	The End of a Cycle	164
	Demography in the twentieth century: mortality and fertility	164
	Demography in the twentieth century: migration, structures, models	169
	Politics	172
	Economics	178
	Values	183
	Further Reading	190
	Index	214